physiology key terms Flashcards

1
Q

acute

A

responses at the time

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of a constant/unchanging environment

e.g core body temp, blood glucose

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3
Q

steady state

A

where the internal environment is unchanging (reach a constant level) but is different to normal resting level

balance between an environmental demand and the response of a system to meet demand, e.g. heart rate

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4
Q

biological control system

A

series of integrated components that maintain chemical parameter of body at near constant value

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5
Q

negative feedback systems

A

something too high, feedback says to turn it down (reduce stimulus)

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6
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped out of the heart per min

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7
Q

heart rate

A

how many times per min the heart beats

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8
Q

stroke volume

A

how much blood pumped out with each beat

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9
Q

Aerobic training

A

training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy producing systems and can improve cardio respiratory endurance

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10
Q

oxygen uptake

A

cardiac output x oxygen extraction

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11
Q

cardiac hypertrophy

A

enlargement/thickening of the heart mass

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12
Q

pulmonary function

A

primarily to provide a means of gas exchange between the external environment and body

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13
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

primarily unctions to maintain a fairly constant and favourable concentration of o2 and c02 in the alveolar chambers during rest and exercise

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14
Q

pulmonary respiration

A

ventilation and change of 02 and c02 at the lungs

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15
Q

tidal volume

A

describes air volume moved during either the inspiration/expiratory phase of each beathing cycle

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16
Q

max voluntary ventilation

A

max volume per min

healthy individuals usually 200 litres per min

17
Q

passive diffusion

A

all gas exchange occurring in the lungs and other tissues

18
Q

minute ventilation

A

tidal volume x breathing rate

19
Q

exercise hypernea

A

the increase ventilation in response to increased oxygen demand carbon dioxide output

20
Q

dyspnea

A

breathlessness

21
Q

sleep apnea

A

hold breathing during sleep

22
Q

hyperventilation

A

increased ventilation in excess of oxygen demand, thereby causing more carbon dioxide to be breathed out

23
Q

energy

A

capacity to do work

24
Q

bioenergetics

A

chemical pathways used by cels to convert foot into a biologically usable form of energy

25
metabolism
total of all caller reactions that occur in the body; includes all synthesis and break down of molecules
26
exergonic reactions
physical/chemical processes that release energy
27
endergonic
physical.chemical process that store/absorb energy
28
enzymes
highly specific and large protein catalysts which accelerate the forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions in the body without being consumed or changed in the reaction
29
lactate threshold
the highest o2 consumption/exercise intensity with less than 1mM increase in blood lactate concentration above the pre exercise level
30
OBLA
when lactate concentration shows sysemeatic increase to 4mm