physiology key terms

Question 1

acute

Answer 1

responses at the time

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

maintenance of a constant/unchanging environment

e.g core body temp, blood glucose

Question 3

steady state

Answer 3

where the internal environment is unchanging (reach a constant level) but is different to normal resting level

balance between an environmental demand and the response of a system to meet demand, e.g. heart rate

Question 4

biological control system

Answer 4

series of integrated components that maintain chemical parameter of body at near constant value

Question 5

negative feedback systems

Answer 5

something too high, feedback says to turn it down (reduce stimulus)

Question 6

cardiac output

Answer 6

volume of blood pumped out of the heart per min

Question 7

heart rate

Answer 7

how many times per min the heart beats

Question 8

stroke volume

Answer 8

how much blood pumped out with each beat

Question 9

Aerobic training

Answer 9

training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy producing systems and can improve cardio respiratory endurance

Question 10

oxygen uptake

Answer 10

cardiac output x oxygen extraction

Question 11

cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 11

enlargement/thickening of the heart mass

Question 12

pulmonary function

Answer 12

primarily to provide a means of gas exchange between the external environment and body

Question 13

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 13

primarily unctions to maintain a fairly constant and favourable concentration of o2 and c02 in the alveolar chambers during rest and exercise

Question 14

pulmonary respiration

Answer 14

ventilation and change of 02 and c02 at the lungs

Question 15

tidal volume

Answer 15

describes air volume moved during either the inspiration/expiratory phase of each beathing cycle

Question 16

max voluntary ventilation

Answer 16

max volume per min

healthy individuals usually 200 litres per min

Question 17

passive diffusion

Answer 17

all gas exchange occurring in the lungs and other tissues

Question 18

minute ventilation

Answer 18

tidal volume x breathing rate

Question 19

exercise hypernea

Answer 19

the increase ventilation in response to increased oxygen demand carbon dioxide output

Question 20

dyspnea

Answer 20

breathlessness

Question 21

sleep apnea

Answer 21

hold breathing during sleep

Question 22

hyperventilation

Answer 22

increased ventilation in excess of oxygen demand, thereby causing more carbon dioxide to be breathed out

Question 23

energy

Answer 23

capacity to do work

Question 24

bioenergetics

Answer 24

chemical pathways used by cels to convert foot into a biologically usable form of energy

Question 25

metabolism

Answer 25

total of all caller reactions that occur in the body; includes all synthesis and break down of molecules

Question 26

exergonic reactions

Answer 26

physical/chemical processes that release energy

Question 27

endergonic

Answer 27

physical.chemical process that store/absorb energy

Question 28

enzymes

Answer 28

highly specific and large protein catalysts which accelerate the forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions in the body without being consumed or changed in the reaction

Question 29

lactate threshold

Answer 29

the highest o2 consumption/exercise intensity with less than 1mM increase in blood lactate concentration above the pre exercise level

Question 30

OBLA

Answer 30

when lactate concentration shows sysemeatic increase to 4mm