physiology key terms Flashcards
acute
responses at the time
homeostasis
maintenance of a constant/unchanging environment
e.g core body temp, blood glucose
steady state
where the internal environment is unchanging (reach a constant level) but is different to normal resting level
balance between an environmental demand and the response of a system to meet demand, e.g. heart rate
biological control system
series of integrated components that maintain chemical parameter of body at near constant value
negative feedback systems
something too high, feedback says to turn it down (reduce stimulus)
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped out of the heart per min
heart rate
how many times per min the heart beats
stroke volume
how much blood pumped out with each beat
Aerobic training
training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy producing systems and can improve cardio respiratory endurance
oxygen uptake
cardiac output x oxygen extraction
cardiac hypertrophy
enlargement/thickening of the heart mass
pulmonary function
primarily to provide a means of gas exchange between the external environment and body
pulmonary ventilation
primarily unctions to maintain a fairly constant and favourable concentration of o2 and c02 in the alveolar chambers during rest and exercise
pulmonary respiration
ventilation and change of 02 and c02 at the lungs
tidal volume
describes air volume moved during either the inspiration/expiratory phase of each beathing cycle
max voluntary ventilation
max volume per min
healthy individuals usually 200 litres per min
passive diffusion
all gas exchange occurring in the lungs and other tissues
minute ventilation
tidal volume x breathing rate
exercise hypernea
the increase ventilation in response to increased oxygen demand carbon dioxide output
dyspnea
breathlessness
sleep apnea
hold breathing during sleep
hyperventilation
increased ventilation in excess of oxygen demand, thereby causing more carbon dioxide to be breathed out
energy
capacity to do work
bioenergetics
chemical pathways used by cels to convert foot into a biologically usable form of energy
metabolism
total of all caller reactions that occur in the body; includes all synthesis and break down of molecules
exergonic reactions
physical/chemical processes that release energy
endergonic
physical.chemical process that store/absorb energy
enzymes
highly specific and large protein catalysts which accelerate the forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions in the body without being consumed or changed in the reaction
lactate threshold
the highest o2 consumption/exercise intensity with less than 1mM increase in blood lactate concentration above the pre exercise level
OBLA
when lactate concentration shows sysemeatic increase to 4mm
