Physical Activity and health

Question 1

metabolic equivalent of task

Answer 1

method used to estimate the metabolic cost of PA

Mod 3-6
vig 6 plus

Question 2

determinants of health

Answer 2

factors that combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities (WHO)

Question 3

Physical activity

Answer 3

movement of the body produced by skeletal muscles

Question 4

fitness

Answer 4

the ability to reach the demand of everyday life

Question 5

health

Answer 5

a state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease

Question 6

active living

Answer 6

taking every opportunity to make an active choice

Question 7

validity

Answer 7

extend to which a measurement instrument assesses the true exposure of interest

Question 8

sedentary behaviour

Answer 8

refers to any waking activity characterised by an energy expenditure less than or equal to 1.5 METS and a sitting/reclining posture

Question 9

balance

Answer 9

ability to maintain equilibrium

Question 10

flexibility

Answer 10

rom at a join

Question 11

musculoskeletal fitness

Answer 11

the integrated function of muscle strength, endurance and muscle power

Question 12

cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 12

ability to perform large muscle ,whole body exercise at at a mod to high intensity for extended periods

Question 13

exercise

Answer 13

body movement produced by skeletal muscle from medium to high intensity

Question 14

guidelines - infants (less than 1)

Answer 14

at least 30 mins tummy time spread throughout the day

Question 15

guidelines - toddlers (1-2)

Answer 15

at least 180 mins per day in a variety of ways at any intensity

Question 16

pre schoolers (3-4)

Answer 16

at least 180 mins per ay in a variety of physical activities spread throughout the day

Question 17

guidelines - children (5-18)

Answer 17

mod-vig intensity PA for an average of at least 60 minutes per day across the week
develop muscular fitness and bone strength

Question 18

guidelines - adults (19-64)

Answer 18

physically active every day
each week, at least 150 mins of mod or 75mins of big
muscle strengthening activities on at least 2 days a week
minimise sedentary

Question 19

guidelines - 65 plus

Answer 19

some PA better than none
activities aimed at improving or maintaining muscle strength, balance and flexibility on at least 2 days a week
each week, 150 mins

Question 20

components of health related fitness

Answer 20

cardiorespiratory 
strength 
flexibility 
body composition 
endurance 
cv fitness 
sub max

Question 21

testing strength

Answer 21

dynamometers
tensiometers
repeating max
isokinetic

Question 22

testing endurance

Answer 22

field tests

no equipment
e.g push ups

Question 23

testing flexibility

Answer 23

sit and reach

goniometers

Question 24

testing CV

Answer 24

step test
fixed distance tests
fixed time tests

Question 25

sub max tests

Answer 25

any mode of exercise that allows for standardisation of the work rates with known estimates of 02 e.g cycle ergometer

Question 26

measuring body comp

Answer 26

BMI body mass in kg/ heigh in m squared skin folds DXA - low dose x rays at 2 energies. quantifies regions of fat, lean body mass bone mass body pod - uses air displacement to estimate body composition bioelectric impedance - based on the conductive and non conductive properties

Question 27

measurement of PA

Answer 27

``` Accelerometer pedometer IPAQ Monitoring places self report - diaries, questionnaires, interviews ```

Question 28

why do we measure PA

Answer 28

``` Find link between behaviour and health outcome quantity dose response relationship monitor trends understand determinants test interventions ```

Question 29

behavioural epidemiological framework

Answer 29

sallis and owen 1999 framework to classify phases of research on PA establish methods to measure PA, Establish links between PA and health, determinants, interventions, transationinto practise

Question 30

logic model

Answer 30

a road map to explain how the program is hypothetically thought to work to achieve its effects

Question 31

Physical inactivity

Answer 31

not meeting the PA guidelines

Question 32

psychological framework for understanding PA

Answer 32

Individual, social, environmental, policy

Question 33

Start active stay active (CMO)

Answer 33

Physical inactivity is the 4th leading risk factor for global mortality accounting for 6 % of deaths globally estimated direct cost os physical inactivity to NHS across UK is £1.6 billion

Question 34

Owen et al (2010) - sedentary

Answer 34

even adults meeting the guidelines can still experience detrimental effects of inactivity health adults reporting at leat 150 mins a week of mod - big PA found detrimental association of TV time with waist circumference, blood pressure etc active coach potato phenomenon

Question 35

cortis et al 2017

Answer 35

18-40 PA positively associated with attitudes, belief and intention negative association for barriers of PA, lack of knowledge, lack of support, feat to go out alone

Question 36

biddle et al 2015

Answer 36

significant positive association between taking prat in PE and current levels of PA

Question 37

Kleppang et al 2018

Answer 37

15-16 year olds hopkins symptoms scale students participating in PA less than 3 times a week had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms

Question 38

strain et al 2016

Answer 38

occupational activity was the most prevalent domain accounting for 18-26% of all MVPA for those under 65 across both genders and activity statuses, exercise and fitness declined with age and walking was the most prevalent in the oldest age group policies designed to increase PA should take into account different domains significant variations in the most present domains for men and women who met guidelines about £3 million worth of funding on PA in scotland

Question 39

judice et al al 2017

Answer 39

national wide cross sectional study aimed to examine PA, fitness, obesity prevalence and related factors in 10-17 years olds in portal sedentary time and PA objectivily measured using accelerometer FITTNESSGRAM test was developed to assess physical fitness MVPA positively and consistently associated with fitness suggests that guilders for sedentary behaviour should include breaks in sedentary behaviour positive associations found for the non prolonged sedentary bouts with flexibility, endurance and BMI

Question 40

Smith et al 2014

Answer 40

health benefits of muscular fitness for children and youths | positive association between MF and bone health and self esteem

Question 41

Shah et al (2012)

Answer 41

characterised 26% of the subjects as obese using BMI whilst DXA indicated 64% were obese BMI misclassified 25% of men and 48% of women