Physical Activity and health Flashcards
metabolic equivalent of task
method used to estimate the metabolic cost of PA
Mod 3-6
vig 6 plus
determinants of health
factors that combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities (WHO)
Physical activity
movement of the body produced by skeletal muscles
fitness
the ability to reach the demand of everyday life
health
a state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease
active living
taking every opportunity to make an active choice
validity
extend to which a measurement instrument assesses the true exposure of interest
sedentary behaviour
refers to any waking activity characterised by an energy expenditure less than or equal to 1.5 METS and a sitting/reclining posture
balance
ability to maintain equilibrium
flexibility
rom at a join
musculoskeletal fitness
the integrated function of muscle strength, endurance and muscle power
cardiorespiratory endurance
ability to perform large muscle ,whole body exercise at at a mod to high intensity for extended periods
exercise
body movement produced by skeletal muscle from medium to high intensity
guidelines - infants (less than 1)
at least 30 mins tummy time spread throughout the day
guidelines - toddlers (1-2)
at least 180 mins per day in a variety of ways at any intensity
pre schoolers (3-4)
at least 180 mins per ay in a variety of physical activities spread throughout the day
guidelines - children (5-18)
mod-vig intensity PA for an average of at least 60 minutes per day across the week
develop muscular fitness and bone strength
guidelines - adults (19-64)
physically active every day
each week, at least 150 mins of mod or 75mins of big
muscle strengthening activities on at least 2 days a week
minimise sedentary
guidelines - 65 plus
some PA better than none
activities aimed at improving or maintaining muscle strength, balance and flexibility on at least 2 days a week
each week, 150 mins
components of health related fitness
cardiorespiratory strength flexibility body composition endurance cv fitness sub max
testing strength
dynamometers
tensiometers
repeating max
isokinetic
testing endurance
field tests
no equipment
e.g push ups
testing flexibility
sit and reach
goniometers
testing CV
step test
fixed distance tests
fixed time tests
sub max tests
any mode of exercise that allows for standardisation of the work rates with known estimates of 02
e.g cycle ergometer
measuring body comp
BMI
body mass in kg/ heigh in m squared
skin folds
DXA - low dose x rays at 2 energies. quantifies regions of fat, lean body mass bone mass
body pod - uses air displacement to estimate body composition
bioelectric impedance - based on the conductive and non conductive properties
measurement of PA
Accelerometer pedometer IPAQ Monitoring places self report - diaries, questionnaires, interviews
why do we measure PA
Find link between behaviour and health outcome quantity dose response relationship monitor trends understand determinants test interventions
behavioural epidemiological framework
sallis and owen 1999
framework to classify phases of research on PA
establish methods to measure PA, Establish links between PA and health, determinants, interventions, transationinto practise
logic model
a road map to explain how the program is hypothetically thought to work to achieve its effects
Physical inactivity
not meeting the PA guidelines
psychological framework for understanding PA
Individual, social, environmental, policy
Start active stay active (CMO)
Physical inactivity is the 4th leading risk factor for global mortality accounting for 6 % of deaths globally
estimated direct cost os physical inactivity to NHS across UK is £1.6 billion
Owen et al (2010) - sedentary
even adults meeting the guidelines can still experience detrimental effects of inactivity
health adults reporting at leat 150 mins a week of mod - big PA
found detrimental association of TV time with waist circumference, blood pressure etc
active coach potato phenomenon
cortis et al 2017
18-40
PA positively associated with attitudes, belief and intention
negative association for barriers of PA, lack of knowledge, lack of support, feat to go out alone
biddle et al 2015
significant positive association between taking prat in PE and current levels of PA
Kleppang et al 2018
15-16 year olds
hopkins symptoms scale
students participating in PA less than 3 times a week had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms
strain et al 2016
occupational activity was the most prevalent domain accounting for 18-26% of all MVPA for those under 65
across both genders and activity statuses, exercise and fitness declined with age and walking was the most prevalent in the oldest age group
policies designed to increase PA should take into account different domains
significant variations in the most present domains for men and women who met guidelines
about £3 million worth of funding on PA in scotland
judice et al al 2017
national wide cross sectional study aimed to examine PA, fitness, obesity prevalence and related factors in 10-17 years olds in portal
sedentary time and PA objectivily measured using accelerometer
FITTNESSGRAM test was developed to assess physical fitness
MVPA positively and consistently associated with fitness
suggests that guilders for sedentary behaviour should include breaks in sedentary behaviour
positive associations found for the non prolonged sedentary bouts with flexibility, endurance and BMI
Smith et al 2014
health benefits of muscular fitness for children and youths
positive association between MF and bone health and self esteem
Shah et al (2012)
characterised 26% of the subjects as obese using BMI whilst DXA indicated 64% were obese
BMI misclassified 25% of men and 48% of women
