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System 1: Respiratory AM > Physiology: Anatomy of chest wall and mechanics of breathing > Flashcards

Physiology: Anatomy of chest wall and mechanics of breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

Increase volume = Decrease pressure
Decrease volume = Increase pressure

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2
Q

What are the lungs and the interior of the thorax covered by?

A

Pleural membrane

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3
Q

What pleural membrane covers the outer surface of the lungs?

A

The visceral pleura

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4
Q

What pleural membrane covers the interior surface of the rib cage?

A

The parietal pleura

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5
Q

Whats is inflammation of the pleural membrane called?

A

Pleurisy

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6
Q

What is sticking the lungs and interior of the thorax together?

A

The pleural fluid

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7
Q

What is trying to the lungs away from the inner rib wall?

A

The elastic fibres within the lungs

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8
Q

What muscles are used in inspiration?

A

External intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

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9
Q

What muscles are used in expiration?

A

Passive at rest

In severe resp load internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

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10
Q

When is the diaphragm relaxed?

A

After rest expiration and before inspiration

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11
Q

How do the ribs move during breathing?

A

“bucket handle”motion and moves in a lateral dimension

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12
Q

What is asthma?

A

Over-reactive constriction of bronchial smooth muscle. Expiration phase is most affected

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13
Q

What happens to airways in inspiration?

A

Airways are pulled open by physical forces and thoracic volume increases

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14
Q

What happens to airways in expiration?

A

Airways are compressed by physical forces and thoracic volume decreases

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15
Q

What is intra-thoracic (alveolar) pressure (PA)?

A

Pressure inside the thoracic cavity

+ve or -ve compared to atmospheric pressure

Inspiration = -ve
Expiration = +ve
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16
Q

What is Intra-pleural pressure (Pip)?

A

Pressure inside the pleural cavity

ALWAYS -ve in healthy lungs

17
Q

What is the Transpulmonary Pressure (PT)?

A

Difference between alveolar pressure and the intra-pleural pressure
ALWAYS +ve as Pip is ALWAYS -ve

PT= PA-Pip

18
Q

What is the important relationship between the pleural membranes?

A

Sticks the two membranes together as there is a elastic recoil from the chest wall pulling away from lungs and elastic recoil from lungs pulling away from the chest

19
Q

What happens when closed pleural membrane is opened?

A

Pneumothorax

20
Q

What is the relationship between the bulk of air flow between atmosphere and alveoli and pressure and resistance

A

F=(Patm - PA) / R

System 1: Respiratory AM (7 decks)

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