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NBDHE March 2021 > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which definition BEST describes diffusion ?
    A Movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration gradient

B Net movement of water down its concentration gradient

C Ability of a substance to move across a membrane

D Movement of substances across a plasma membrane

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 23). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration gradient

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2
Q
  1. Neutrophils are known as which type of blood cell?
    A Agranulocytes

B Platelets

C Granulocytes

D Erythrocytes

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 23). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C Granulocytes

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3
Q
  1. During gingivitis, which immune system cells are most likely to be the first to respond?
    A Neutrophils

B Eosinophils

C Erythrocytes

D Agranulocytes

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 23). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Neutrophils

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4
Q
  1. The merocrine glands are responsible for the secretion of which fluid?
    A Testosterone

B Thyroxin

C Estrogen

D Sweat

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 23). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

D Sweat

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5
Q
  1. Which type of tissue lines the surface of the lungs?
    A Visceral pleura

B Peritoneal pleura

C Pericardial pleura

D Visceral peritoneum

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 23). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Visceral pleura

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6
Q
  1. Which BEST describes what happens to a nerve when there is an influx of sodium ions?
    A Depolarization

B Myelination

C Polarization

D Excitation

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Depolarization

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7
Q
  1. The inferior alveolar nerve is difficult to anesthetize because it is has a thick myelin sheath. Myelin acts as an insulator that prevents the generation of electrical activity.
    A Both statements are true.

B Both statements are false.

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Both statements are true.

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8
Q
  1. An elevated serum potassium level is known as
    A hypernatremia.

B hyperkalemia.

C hypercarotenemia.

D hypokalemia.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

B hyperkalemia.

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9
Q
  1. A group of similar cells that perform a common function is called a/an
    A tissue.

B cell.

C organ.

D ecosystem.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A tissue

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10
Q
  1. Negative feedback mechanisms oppose the direction of an initial stimulus. Defects in negative feedback mechanisms are the cause of most homeostatic imbalances.
    A Both statements are true.

B Both statements are false.

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Both statements are true.

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11
Q
  1. Which cellular organelle is responsible for the detoxification of drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens?
    A Golgi apparatus

B Mitochondria

C Cell membrane

D Ribosome

E Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

E Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q
  1. Which type of epithelium is multilayered to provide protection to underlying tissue and is found in areas subject to abrasion such as the mouth and the esophagus?
    A Transitional

B Stratified squamous

C Simple squamous

D Pseudostratified columnar

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

B Stratified squamous

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13
Q
  1. A bone disease that results in fragile and thin bones when bone resorption is faster than bone deposit is called
    A ostepenia.

B osteogenesis.

C osteoporosis.

D osteoarthritis.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C osteoporosis.

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14
Q
  1. Each is a property of muscle tissue EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
    A Contractility

B Excitability

C Conductivity

D Extensibility

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C Conductivity

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15
Q
  1. At which sites are motor nerve impulses transmitted from nerve endings to skeletal muscle cells?
    A Neuromuscular junctions

B Sarcomeres

C Z-disks

D Cross-bridges

E Myofilaments

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Neuromuscular junctions

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16
Q
  1. The trigeminal nerve
    A serves the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

B provides the sensation of taste for the tongue.

C allows for chewing of food.

D helps to regulate heart activity.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C allows for chewing of food.

17
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of AB-positive blood?
    A A and B antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells.

B No anti-A or anti-B antibodies are produced.

C Rh antigens are produced.

D Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are produced.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

D Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are produced.

18
Q
  1. Which substance must be present for the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine?
    A Iron

B Calcium

C Iodine

D Carbohydrates

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C Iodine

19
Q
  1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described by which statement?
    A The pancreas produces insulin, but glucagon is not responsive to it.

B The pancreas produces insulin, but the insulin receptors on the body’s cells are resistant.

C The thyroid gland produces insulin, but the insulin receptors on the body’s cells are resistant.

D The pancreas produces insulin, and the insulin receptors on the body’s cells allow too much of the insulin to enter the cell.

E The pancreas does not produce any insulin.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 24). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

B The pancreas produces insulin, but the insulin receptors on the body’s cells are resistant.

20
Q
  1. Which is the first step of blood clot formation (hemostasis)?

A Platelet plug formation

B Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

C Vascular spasms

D Formation of prothrombin factor

E Thrombin conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin mesh

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C Vascular spasms

21
Q
  1. Which factor determines the movement of respiratory system gases?
    A Water solubility

B Partial pressure gradients

C Temperature variations

D Molecular weight of respiratory system gases

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

B Partial pressure gradients

22
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a functional activity of the digestive system?
    A Mechanical digestion

B Chemical digestion

C Absorption

D Replication

E Propulsion

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

D Replication

23
Q
  1. Cilia cannot be repaired or regenerated, even after quitting smoking. Emphysema is characterized by irreversible destruction of the walls of the alveoli and the production of abnormally large air spaces.
    A Both statements are true.

B Both statements are false.

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

24
Q
  1. The pharynx is a passageway for air and food. But the larynx is a passageway only for air.
    A Both statements are true.

B Both statements are false.

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Both statements are true.

25
Q
  1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a combination of chronic bronchitis and
    A pneumonia.

B diabetes.

C emphysema.

D asthma.

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C emphysema.

26
Q
  1. Which is the most appropriate definition of the term peristalsis ?
    A Wavelike contraction of smooth muscle that moves food through the alimentary canal

B Movement across intestinal segments while digestive juices mix with foodstuffs

C Breakdown of fats upon interaction with bile

D The effect of gastric juices on the esophagus

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Wavelike contraction of smooth muscle that moves food through the alimentary canal

27
Q
  1. Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
    A Saphenous

B Popliteal

C Brachial plexus

D Phrenic

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

D Phrenic

28
Q
  1. These blood vessels permit nutrient and gas exchange between blood and tissue cells, while these blood vessels carry blood back to the heart under low-pressure conditions.
    A Capillaries; veins

B Arteries; veins

C Arteries; capillaries

D Veins; capillaries

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A Capillaries; veins

29
Q
  1. Which structure is the natural pacemaker of the heart?
    A Purkinje fiber

B Atrioventricular (AV) node

C Sinoatrial (SA) node

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

C Sinoatrial (SA) node

30
Q
  1. Select the correct sequence of steps in the acute inflammatory process:
    A (1) Vasodilation, (2) vascular permeability, (3) exudation, (4) vascular stasis

B (1) Vascular permeability, (2) vasodilation, (3) exudation, (4) vascular stasis

C (1) Vascular stasis, (2) vasodilation, (3) vascular permeability, (4) exudation

D (1) Vasodilation, (2) exudation, (3) vascular stasis, (4) vascular permeability

Mosby. Mosby’s Review Questions for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (p. 25). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

A (1) Vasodilation, (2) vascular permeability, (3) exudation, (4) vascular stasis

NBDHE March 2021 (15 decks)

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