Physiology

Question 1

Which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 1

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Lutinishing hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin

Question 2

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 2

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 3

Thyroid axis

Answer 3

Hypothalamus= TRH
Anterior pituitary= TSH
Thyroid gland = T3 and T4

Question 4

Adrenal axis

Answer 4

Hypothalamus= Corticotrophin releasing hormone
Anterior pituitay= ACTH
Adrenal glands = cortisol

Question 5

Growth hormone axis

Answer 5

Hypothalamus= GHRH
Anterior pituitary = GH
Liver= insulin-like growth factor 1

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 6

low ca2+ / high serum phosphate
parathyroid glands = PTH

increases number of osteoclast in bone (resorption of calcium from bone to blood)

increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys = less calcium is excreted in the urine

stimulates the kidney to convert vitamin D3 into calcitriol = promotes calcium absorption from food in the small inetstine.

Question 7

RAAS

Answer 7

juxtaglomerular cells = sense low BP= renin
renin converts angiotensin (liver) into angiotensin I
angiotensin I convert to angiotensin II in the lungs (ACE)
angiotensin II vasoconstriction
angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone from adrenal glands

Question 8

Aldosterone

Answer 8

mineralocorticoid steroid
acts on nephrons
increases Na+ reabsorption from distal tububle
increases K+ secretion from the distal tubule
increases H+ secretion from collecting duct.

if Na+ is reabsorbed into the kidneys, water will follow = increases blood pressure