Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

your FEV1/FVC ratio has to be under _% to be diagnosed with COPD

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is gas exchange affected in emphysema?

A

destruction of the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pulmonary compliance is __creased in emphysema; why?

A

increased

lose elasticity of tissue so its easier for the lung to expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

emphysematous lungs have a problem with compliance/recoil

A

recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dynamic airway compression is more likely to occur during active expiration/inspiration

A

active expiration

raising intrapleural pressure which will compress the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what chemoreceptors are affected in anxiety?

A

central

autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 components of COPD

A

emphysema and bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pathophysiology of airways in COPD

A

fixed airway obstruction and decreased surface area for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pathophysiology of airways in fibrosis

A

reduced pulmonary compliance and impaired gas diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inc alveolar surface tension….

A

surfactant in newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reversible airway obstruction…

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pathophysiology of the SoB in LHF?

A

reduced pulmonary compliance because of oedema and impaired gas diffusion as a result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

according to the O2/haem dissociation curve, how much does O2 need to drop before the Hb drops too

A

O2 needs to decrease ALOT before Hb decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what effect does fibrosis have on an ABG?

A

affects the diffusion of gases esp oxygen as it thickens the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which diffuses more readily: CO2 or O2?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which gas will be most affected in pulm fibrosis?

A

O2 as CO2 is more readily diffusible through the lungs

17
Q

what cause the tingling and numbness in an anxiety attack?

A

low calcium as a result of resp alkalosis

it binds to albumin and becomes biologically inactive

18
Q

how does calcium exist in the blood?

A

free unbound

bound to albumin

19
Q

functional residual capacity constitutes about _% of the lung capacity

A

50

20
Q

a low PO2 causes pulmonary vaso____

A

constriction

21
Q

larger airways are supplied by the pulm/systemic circulation

A

systemic

22
Q

does B2 or B1 agonists cause bronchodilation?

A

B2

2 lungs 1 heart

23
Q

surface area for gas exchange remains constant in the absence of disease T or F

A

F

it increases with exercise etc

24
Q

decreased lung diffusion capacity indicates what about the alveoli?

A

decreased surface area of the alveoli due to disease

25
Q

examples of restrictive lung disease?

A

pulm fibrosis

sarcoidosis

26
Q

what works faster: digoxin or ACEi?

A

ACEi

digoxin takes 24hrs so not good acutely

27
Q

what cardio drugs are NOT given in heart failure

A

calcium channel blockers

28
Q

Tx acute heart failure

A

IV furosemide + nitrate infusion

29
Q

MoA nitrates

A

venous dilatation which reduces preload

30
Q

PO2 is normal/low/high in an anxiety attack

A

normal

31
Q

breath sounds are ___ed in pneumothorax

A

decreased/nil

32
Q

compensation is fast/slow in resp acidosis

A

slow

33
Q

when would you get a low pO2 in COPD?

A

if you have an acute infection eg acute bronchitis

34
Q

resp alkalosis with a low pO2

A

altitude

35
Q

resp alkalosis with a normal pO2

A

anxiety

36
Q

the problem is within the airways or lung parenchyma in restrictive lung disease

A

lung parenchyma

37
Q

ketone bodies are acidotic/alkalotic

A

acidotic

38
Q

what kind of crackles would you hear with fluid in the lungs

A

fine

39
Q

what drug is prescribed to help with anxiety in terminal illness

A

lorazepam