EBM

Question 1

the __ will have the same value as the mean

Answer 1

median

Question 2

measuring over intervals over time is a feature of what study?

Answer 2

cohort study

Question 3

trial where you give some people placebos and some people the drug is an example of what trial?

Answer 3

RCT

Question 4

what kind of trial is not interventional and purely observational?

Answer 4

cohort study

Question 5

name the 2 types of cohort study

Answer 5

prospective - looking at future measurements

retrospective - looking at past measurements

Question 6

describe external validity

Answer 6

the extent to which one can appropriately apply the results to other populations

Question 7

if a study has a 95% confidence interval, what does this mean?

Answer 7

there is a 5% chance of the true value lying outside of these limits

Question 8

define statistical significance

Answer 8

the results of a study are unlikely to arisen by chance alone

Question 9

what is a null hypothesis?

Answer 9

the hypothesis that there is no relationship between the study variables

Question 10

what helps a confidence interval become more narrow?

Answer 10

a significantly increased sample size (more data and results so more reliable)

Question 11

what is it called when there is no longer any need to sample more people to reach new conclusions or to back up/challenge existing conclusions?

Answer 11

saturation

Question 12

best form of evidence is…

Answer 12

systematic review

Question 13

what kind of study is best for looking at risk and unexpected outcomes?

Answer 13

cohort study

Question 14

a cohort study looks at the same original population/2 different populations

Answer 14

same original population eg medical students and follows them over time

Question 15

relative risk equals…

Answer 15

incidence in exposed/incidence in unexposed

Question 16

absolute risk equals…

Answer 16

risk in exposed group MINUS risk in unexposed group

Question 17

what is a p value?

Answer 17

A numerical value indicating the probability that this observation has occurred due to chance

Question 18

what is a confidence interval?

Answer 18

A way of indicating a range of values which probably contain the “true” value

Question 19

what does caldicott guardian approval allow?

Answer 19

allows access to patient records without individual consent

Question 20

what is internal validity?

Answer 20

to what extent does the study measure what it sets out to measure

Question 21

which study is ideal for rare diseases?

Answer 21

case control study

Question 22

1 means what in an incidence ratio?

Answer 22

no difference