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3 CLASP & Transition Block > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

define “Ke”

A

it is the elimination rate constant i.e:

the amount of drug eliminated by the body per unit time

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2
Q

calculate Ke if the amount of drug in the body is 100% and 10% is eliminated per unit time

A

0.1

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3
Q

define first order kinetics

A

rate of elimination is DIRECTLY proportional to the drug conc

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4
Q

what happens to the Ke and t1/2 of 1sr order drugs when the dose is changed

A

THEY DONT CHANGE

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5
Q

what is clearance?

A

the volume of PLASMA cleared of drug per unit time

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6
Q

clearance only applies to drugs that exhibit __ order kinetics

A

first

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7
Q

what parameter determines the maintenance dose rate of a drug

A

clearance

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8
Q

for drugs that exhibit first order kinetics, the steady state plasma conc is __ related to the infusion rate

A

linearly

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9
Q

steady state plasma conc is reached after approx __ half lives

A

5

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10
Q

Vd is…

A

the volume into which a drug appears to be distributed with a conc equal to that of plasma

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11
Q

t/12 = /

A

VD/Cl

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12
Q

give an example of a zero order drug

A

ethanol

phenytoin

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13
Q

what does zero order kinetics mean?

A

drug is eliminated at a constant rate

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14
Q

phase 1 of drug metabolism?

A

oxidation reduction and hydrolysis

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15
Q

phase 2 of drug metabolism?

A

conjugation

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16
Q

main aim of drug metabolism?

A

increase polarity

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17
Q

how does phase 1 increase polarity?

A

adds a chemically reactive group

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18
Q

how does phase 2 increase polarity?

A

adds an endogenous compound

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19
Q

where does drug metabolism occur?

A

liver

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20
Q

only bound/unbound drug molecules can enter the glomerular filtrate

A

unbound

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21
Q 
which of these drugs doesnt have to be monitored in renal impairment and why:
ACEi
PPI
B blocker
diuretic
statin
allopurinol
A

PPI

almost completely metabolised by the liver so avoids the kidneys

22
Q

diuretics must be given after an MI T or F

A

F

23
Q

what kind of diuresis do loop diuretics provide

A

strong

24
Q 
which of these drugs is most likely to cause hyperkalaemia:
ACEi
PPI
B blocker
diuretic
statin
allopurinol
A

ACEi

25
Q

furosemide causes hypo/hyperkalaemia

A

hypo

26
Q

ACEi ___ the reabsorption of sodium

A

decreases (get more K)

27
Q

does simvastatin cause hypertension? explain your answer

A

no

has no effect on vascular smooth muscle or CO

28
Q

why do nitrates cause hypotension

A

cause venodilatation and reduce preload

29
Q

diuretics have what effect on blood vessels?

A

dilate them

30
Q

which PPI can not be used with clopidogrel to treat gastric ulcers?

A

omeprazole

31
Q

steady state plasma conc is achieved when…

A

rate of administration = rate of elimination

32
Q

describe the relationship between time to steady state and dose rate

A

independent of each other

33
Q

rate of elimination of the drug is independent of plasma conc T or F

A

F

Cp drives elimination

34
Q

a large Vd is associated with a __ rate if elimination

A

slow

35
Q

what value do you need to calculate the loading dose of a drug

A

Vd

36
Q

penile erection depends on release of what chemical?

A

NO

37
Q

what drug must NOT be used with viagra

A

nitrates

38
Q

how do nitrates cause vasodilatation?

A

produces NO which increases intracellular cGMP in smooth muscle

39
Q

what does viagra (sildenafil) do?

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase

40
Q

is it safe to take b blockers with viagra?

A

yes

41
Q

what common medication can exacerbate gout?

A

thiazide and loop diuretics

42
Q

what drug should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice and why?

A

simvastatin

inceases oral bioavailability and toxicity of a statin

43
Q

what common drug may be decreased in efficacy by impaired renal function

A

furosemide

secretion will be reduced in the PCT due to reduced GFR

44
Q

Tx acute gout (include 1st 2nd and 3rd line)

A
  1. NSAID eg naproxen
  2. colchicine
  3. steroid
45
Q

colchicine main side effects?

A

N+V

diarrhoea

46
Q

how many days before surgery should warfarin be stopped?

A

5

47
Q

what does warfarin block?

A

vitamin K reductase

48
Q

how many half lives does it take for a drug to be excreted completely from the body

A

5

49
Q

counteracting drug for paracetamol overdose?

A

IV N-acetylcysteine

50
Q

MoA clonidine

A

a2 agonist eg antihypertensive

51
Q

how does spinal anaesthesia cause hypotension?

A

blocks sympathetic transmission to blood vessels causing vasodilatation

3 CLASP & Transition Block (20 decks)

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