Physiology

Question 1

Autocrine

Answer 1

Cell acts on itself

Question 2

Paracrine

Answer 2

Cell acts on neighbouring cells

Question 3

Endocrine

Answer 3

Cell acts on a distant site

Question 4

What types of hormones are pre-synthesised?

Answer 4

Amines and peptides

Question 5

What types of hormones are released on demand?

Answer 5

Steroids

Question 6

Examples of carrier proteins

Answer 6

Albumin (steroids and thyroxine)

Transthyretin (thyroxine and steroids)

Question 7

Steroids and thyroxine are ________ in plasma

Answer 7

insoluble

Question 8

Half life of amines (adrenaline)

Answer 8

seconds

Question 9

Half life of proteins and peptides

Answer 9

minutes

Question 10

Half life of steroids and thyroid half life

Answer 10

Hours to days

Question 11

How is T3 and T4 formed?

Answer 11

Iodine taken up from blood by follicular cell, attached to tyrosine to form MIT and DIT

Question 12

What 2 drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism and how do they work?

Answer 12

Carbimazole and PTU - inhibit iodine attaching to tyrosine

Question 13

Which is there more of and which is more potent out of T3 and T4?

Answer 13

More secreted - T4

More potent, more rapid onset - T3

Question 14

Is T3/T4 active in its bound or unbound form?

Answer 14

Unbound

Question 15

Effect of cold on TRH release

Answer 15

Cold stimulates in babies/kids

Question 16

Effect of stress on TRH

Answer 16

Stress inhibits TRH

Question 17

When are levels of thyroid hormone highest?

Answer 17

At night

Question 18

Effects of thyroid hormone

Answer 18

Increase BMR, increase thermogenesis, increase glucose uptake, mobilise fats, increase protein synthesis, influences GHRH, axonal growth, myelination, increases responsiveness to adrenaline, increased force and rate of heart