Hypothalamus and Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Half life of steroid hormones

A

Hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Half life of amines

A

Seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Half life of peptides

A

Minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All hypothalamic hormones are peptides except:

A

Dopamine (amine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatostatin inhibits:

A

GH release from anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dopamine inhibits:

A

PRL release from anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effects of GH

A

Increases gluconeogenesis, decreases glucose uptake in muscles, increases glucose uptake in brain, increases lipolysis, increases bone and soft tissue growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of GH excess

A

Prominent supraorbital ridge, coarsening of facial features, prognathism, enlarged tongue, thick skin, sweating, acne, increased spaces between teeth, spade like hands, snoring, disrupted sleep, joint pains, lethargy, tingling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complications of GH excess

A

HT, diabetes, CTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypersecretion of what often occurs with GH hypersecretion?

A

PRL

also hypopituitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is GH high and when is it low?

A

High when sleeping/during day, in puberty

Low in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Test for acromegaly

A

OGTT (no suppression of GH)
IGF-1, visual fields useful
MRI
Pituitary function tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of acromegaly

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Dopamine agonists: Bromocriptine/Cabergoline
Somatostatin receptor agonists: Octreotide (GI side effects, gastritis, gall stones)
GH antagonists: Pegvisomant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary tumour, radiation, infection, trauma, immunological, mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of hypopituitarism

A

Testosterone
Steroids
Thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contents of cavernous system

A

IV, V1, V2, ICA, VI, III

17
Q

Causes of raised PRL

A

Breast feeding, pregnancy, stress, sleep, dopamine antagonists (metochlopramide), antidepressants, hypothyroid, prolactinoma

18
Q

Presentation of raised PRL

A

Females: early, galactorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea, infertility
Males: late, impotence, visual field abnormal, headache

19
Q

Diagnosis of raised PRL

A

Hormone profile, MRI pitutiary, visual fields

20
Q

Treatment of raised PRL

A

Dopamine agonist (Cabergoline, Bromocriptine)

21
Q

Treatment of Cushing’s

A

Surgery
Metyrapone
Ketoconazole
Pasireotide (somatostin analogue)

22
Q

Presentationof panhypopituitarism

A

Menstrual irregularities, impotence, infertility, gynaecomastia, obesity, loss of hair, hypothyroid, growth retardation in kids

23
Q

Treatment for panhypopituitarism

A
Thyroxine
Hydrocortisone
ADH - desmospray
GH
Sex steroids
24
Q

DIDMOAD

A

Familial cause of: DI, DM, optic atrophy, deafness

25
Q

Diagnosis of DI

A

Water deprivation test

26
Q

Treatment of DI

A

Desmospray, Desmopressin