Physiology 4.13

Question 1

Where are long term memories stored?

Answer 1

association corticies

occipital: visual
frontal: emotional
temporal: auditory

Question 2

episodic memory stored in:

Answer 2

prefrontal cortex

Question 3

emotional responses to implicit memories stored in:

Answer 3

amygdala

Question 4

What is long term potentiation (LTP)?

Answer 4

more synapses
more presynaptic NTs
more postsynaptic receptors
hippocampus CA1 region
**coupled with long term depression (LDP) to keep in check

Question 5

How is memory formed?

Answer 5

1) seconds to minutes: changes in intracellular Ca2+
2) minutes to hours: protein phosphorylation and gene expression
3) hours to years: structural protein/neuron changes

Question 6

What is working memory?

Answer 6

ability to keep reverberating neural circuit going; involves pre-frontal cortex

Question 7

What is the entorhinal cortex?

Answer 7

• main input to hippocampus

- major output of hippocampus

Question 8

lesion in left hippocampus

Answer 8

verbal memory deficit

Question 9

lesion in right hippocampus

Answer 9

spatial orientation problems

Question 10

How does the brain appear in Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 10

cortical atrophy
narrow gyri
wider sulci

Question 11

What are the common lesions found in Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 11

• senile plaques
• neurofibrillary tangles

in hipocampus and neocortex (medial side of temporal lobe)

Question 12

Where do the memory, attentional, and emotional deficits come from in Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 12

memory: hippocampus
attentional: basal forebrain of cholinergic systems
emotional: amygdala