Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

volume of air breathed in and out per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tidal volume X respiratory rate=?

A

pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is physiology dead space?

A

anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is anatomical dead space?

A

the parts of the bronchial tree not available for airway exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is alveolar dead space?

A

ventilated alveoli which aren’t adequately perfused with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does this supply?

A measure of effort that goes into stretching or distending the lungs?

A

pulmonary compliance

if less compliant then more work required= SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which nerves cause bronchoconstriction?

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which nerves cause bronchodilation?

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)?

A

volume of air that can be expired in first second of expiration in an FVC determination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the total ling capacity?

A

max volume of air the lungs can hold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

max volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a maximal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

volume of air left in the lungs at end of normal passive expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

max volume of air inspired after quiet normal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

min volume of air left in lungs after a maximal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

extra volume of air that can be maximally expired by max contraction beyond normal value of air after a resting tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

volume of air entering or leaving lungs during a single breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the muscles of active expiration?

A

abdominal muscles

internal intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

A

sternocleidomastoid

scalenus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the major muscles of inspiration?

A

diaphragm

external intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 3 things which keep the alveoli open

A
  1. surfactant
  2. alveolar interdependence
  3. transmural pressure gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name 2 things which promote alveoli collapse

A
  1. surface tension

2. elastic connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is alveolar interdependence?

A

when one alveoli starts to collapse, surrounding alveoli are stretched then recoil exerting expanding forces on the collapsing alevoli to open it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A

when new born’s lungs cant make enough surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is pulmonary surfactant?

A

mix of lipids and proteins secreted by type 2 alveolar cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does pulmonary surfactant work?

A

it intersperses between water molecules to reduce surface tension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is LaPlace’s Law?

A

P=2T/r

smaller alveoli have a higher tendency to collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is alveolar surface tension?

A

attraction between water molecules at liquid air interface which produces a force which resists stretching of the lungs

28
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

air in the pleural cavity

29
Q

Is expiration usually an active or passive process?

A

passive

30
Q

Is inspiration usually an active or passive process?

A

active

31
Q

What is atmospheric pressure minus intrapleural pressure?

A

transmural pressure gradient across thoracic wall

32
Q

what is the transmural pressure gradient across the lung wall?

A

intra-alveolar pressure minus intra-pleural pressure

33
Q

What 2 forces hold the thoracic wall and lungs in close opposition?

A

1.intrapleural fluid cohesiveness

2,negative intrapleural pressure

34
Q

What are the 3 important pressures in ventilation?

A

atmospheric pressusre
intra-alveolar pressure
intra-pleural pressure

35
Q

What Law is this?

as volume of a gas increases, the pressure exerted by the gas decreases

A

Boyle’s Law

36
Q

What process does this describe?

sequence of events that lead to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between external environment and our cells

A

external respiration

37
Q

What process does this describe?

the intracellular mechanisms which consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide

A

internal respiration

38
Q

Explain the hypoxic drive of respiration

A

stimulated when PO2 falls low and you retain CO2 and the increase in hydrogen ions makes you hyperventilate to get rid of the CO2.

39
Q

Where would you find Peripheral chemorececptors?

A

in carotid and aortic bodies

40
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

increase in conc of CO2 in blood

41
Q

What is the cough reflex?

A

a defence mechanism which helps clear the airway of dust etc.

42
Q

What do joint receptors do?

A

stimulated by joint movement and produce impulses which increase breathing

43
Q

what does the Hering-Breuer reflex do?

A

prevents hyperinflation

44
Q

What does the apneustic centre do?

A

sends impulses which excite inspiratory area of medulla causing prolonged inspiration

45
Q

If the pneumotaxic centre is stimluated what happens?

A

inspiration is terminated

46
Q

What give rise to active expiration?

A

increased firing of dorsal neurones excites ventral respiratory group neurones and internal intercostals and abdominals

47
Q

What gives rise to inspiration?

A

Dorsal respiratory group neurones

48
Q

What is the Pre-Botzinger complex?

A

network of neurones that display pacemaker activity located near upper end of medulla

49
Q

The Bohr effect and Haldane effect work together to…

A

increase O2 liberation and increase uptake of CO2 at tissue

50
Q

What effect does thus describe?

removing O2 from Hb increases ability of Hb to pick up CO2

A

Haldane effect

51
Q

In what ways can CO2 be transported around the body? Which is the most common?

A

1.bicarbonate (most common)
2, solution
carbamino compounds

52
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

carbon dioxide is 20x more soluble than oxygen

53
Q

If myoglobin is found in blood, what does this indicate?

A

muscle damage

54
Q

What is cooperative binding of O2?

A

when one O2 binds to Hb it increases the affinity of Hb for O2

55
Q

What effect causes the curve on a pO2- % Hb saturation graph to shift to the right due to increased release of O2 at tissues

A

Bohr effect

56
Q

CaO2 ( O2 content of arterial blood) X CI (cardiac index)

A

oxygen delivery index

57
Q

How many O2 molecules does a Hb carry?

A

1

58
Q

How is 02 transported?

A
  1. bound to Hb

2. solution

59
Q

What is Daltons Law of Partial Pressures?

A

total pressure= sum of all partial pressures in a mixture

Total P =P1+P2+P3

60
Q

What happens to pulmonary arterioles if there is a decrease in O2?

A

vasconstriction

61
Q

What happens to pulmonary arterioles if there is an increase in O2?

A

vasodilation

62
Q

What happens to systemic arterioles if there is an increase in O2?

A

vasoconstriction

63
Q

What happens to systemic arterioles if there is a decrease in O2?

A

vasodilation

64
Q

How do you increase pulmonary ventilation? And which of these ways increases it the most?

A
  1. increase depth of breathing (tidal volume) -most

2. increase rate of breathing

65
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

volume of air exchanged between atmosphere and alveoli per minute

66
Q

How do you treat community acquired pneumonia?

A

amoxicillin 1g 3x day

67
Q

Which virus mainly causes bronchiolitis?

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Respiratory (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions