Pharmacology Flashcards
What effect on air resistance does parasympathetic stimulation cause?
increased airway resistance
How does the parasympathetic system increase airway resistance?
- constriction of bronchioles(via M3 muscarinic receptors)
2. increased mucus secretion
What effect on air resistance does sympathetic stimulation cause?
reduced airway resistance
How does the sympathetic system decrease airway resistance?
- relaxes bronchioles (via beta 2 adrenorecptors)
- reduces mucus secretion
- increased mucociliary clearance
What hormone activates beta 2 adrenoreceptors?
adrenaline
Name some bronchodilators (relievers)?
- short acting beta 2 agonists (salbutamol)
- long acting beta 2 agonists (salmeterol)
- CysLT receptor antagonists (Montelukast)
- Muscarinic receptor Antagonists (Ipatropium)
Name some anit-inflammatory agents (preventers/controllers)?
- corticosteroids (glucocorticoids)
- chromoglicate
- monoclonal antibodies
What glucocorticoid is naturally present in the body?
cortisol
What are the effects of corticosteroids on gene transcription?
- increase transcription for genes encoding anti-inflammatory proteins
- decrease encoding for inflammatory proteins
- reduce number of mast cells
- prevent IgE production
What the 2 main side effects on corticosteroids?
- dysphonia (hoarse/weak voice)
2. oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)
Where are M1 receptors located?
on ganglie
Where are M2 receptors located?
postganglionic neurone terminals
Where are M3 receptors located?
smooth muscle
What type of drug are ipratropium and oxitropium?
short acting muscarinic anatgonists
What type of drug is tiotropium?
long acting muscarinic antagonist
