Physiology

Question 1

Eustachian Tube

Answer 1

Usually closed
opens for swallowing, yawning and sneezing
Opens to equalize pressures

Question 2

Vestibule

Answer 2

Medial to oval window

Contains organs of balance (utricle and saccule)

Question 3

Semicircular canals

Answer 3

Help with equilibrium

Detect angular acceleration

Question 4

Cochlea

Answer 4

Contains organ of corti

Converts mechanical waves into neural impulses to the 8th cranial nerve

Question 5

Oval window

Answer 5

In vestibule

Conducts sound through tiny fluid filled channels into cochlea

Question 6

Round window

Answer 6

Communicates with inner ear and permits propagation of fluid waves through perilymph

Question 7

Which type of hair cells detect high frequency?

Answer 7

Thin, stiff and narrow at base of cochlea

Question 8

Which type of hair cells respond to low frequencies?

Answer 8

Thick, wide floppy at the apex (tip) of cochlea

The most inner part of the cochlea

Question 9

Organ of corti

Answer 9

Receptor organ that generates nerve impulses
Movement of basilar membrane causes cilia to sheer back and forth.
They may either depolarize or hyperpolarize.

Question 10

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Answer 10

Time-sensitive localization pathway

First place nerve impulses from both ears can be compared

Question 11

Dorsal cochlear nicleus

Answer 11

Analyzes quality of sound to determine minute differences in frequency.

Question 12

Otolithic Maculae

Answer 12

Detect linear acceleration

Question 13

Cristae Ampullaris

Answer 13

Semicircular canals

Detect angular acceleration

Question 14

Unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfxn =

Answer 14

Severe vertigo

Horizontal nystagmus

Question 15

Bilateral peripheral vestibular dysfxn =

Answer 15

Oscillopsia (blurring w/ head movement)
No vertigo
Imbalance or gait ataxia

Question 16

Central vestibular pathology

Answer 16

Mild vertigo

Torsional or vertical nystagmus

Question 17

What is the oral cavity lined with?

Answer 17

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 18

How many taste buds do we have?

Answer 18

3,000 to 10,000

Question 19

How does taste info reach the cortex?

Answer 19

CN VII and IX

Question 20

Parotid glands

Answer 20

Produce serous secretion

Produces salivary amylase

Question 21

What controls salivation?

Answer 21

Parasympathetic division of ANS controls extrinsic glands

Question 22

4 functions of saliva

Answer 22

Lubrication of mouth
Moistening and lubrication bolus
Dissolving chemicals that stimulate taste buds
Initiate digestion of lipids and carbs

Question 23

Which sinuses are present at birth?

Answer 23

ethmoid and maxillary

Question 24

When does the frontal sinus develop?

Answer 24

2nd year

Question 25

When does the sphenoid sinus develop?

Answer 25

3rd year

Question 26

Deglutition

Answer 26

Swallowing

for normal swallowing, both afferent and efferent fibers must be intact.

Question 27

The larynx

Answer 27

Connects the pharynx to the trachea
Produces sound
contains vocal cords
Keeps food from entering airways

Question 28

Vocal ligaments of the larynx

Answer 28

Vocal folds: true vocal cords, produce sound.

Vestibular folds: False vocal cords