Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ENT > Ear Dz > Flashcards

Ear Dz Flashcards

1
Q

Eustachian Tube Dysfxn (ETD)

A

Blockage or dysfxn of the eustachian tube
May occur with pressure changes or infxn
Most common in kids <5 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ETD Tx

A 
Decongestants (CI in HTN, cardiac risk factors)
Nasal steroids (buconase, flonase)
2nd gen antihistamines (claritin)
Antihistamine nasal sprays
Abx (if ass'd w/ OM, amox)
NSAID, APAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Otitis Media

A

An infection of the middle ear with acute onset, presence of middle ear effusion, and signs of middle ear inflammation.
Common in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

OM S/S

A 
Earache, otalgia
Most are afebrile
accompanying URI sx
irritability
Difficulty sleeping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OM otoscope exam

A

TM mobility decreases
Bulging TM
Decreased visibility of landmarks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common bacterial culprits of AOM

A

Strep pneumo (30 - 35%)
H. Flu (20 - 25%)
M. Cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

OM course

A

Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously in 24 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

OM Tx

A

Amoxacillin, augmentin
Z-pack
Pain, fever tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OM w/ Effusion (OME)

A

The presence of middle ear effusion in the absence of acute signs of infxn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S/S of OME

A

hearing loss
fullness in ear
Delayed speech language development
Generally painless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OME mgmt

A

Watchful waiting
should resolve in 3 months
Only tx is surgery if does not resolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronic Suppurative Otitis

A

A perforated TM with persistent drainage from middle ear.

Chronic otorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chronic Suppurative Otitis cause

A

Initial episode of acute infection, granulation and perforation
Multiple episodes of AOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Bacterial causes

A

Pneudomonas (majority)
Staph A.
Klebs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chronic Suppurative Otitis presentation

A

Otorrhea
Usually non-tender
Fever, pain, vertigo bad signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Tx

A

Remove exudate from canal (50% peroxide w/ sterile water)

Otic Abx?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cholesteoma

A

A skin growth that occurs in the middle ear behind the eardrum.
Looks like cyst or pouch
Caused by repeated infxn, poor ET fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cholesteoma presentation

A 
otorrhea
fullness in ear
Hearing loss
achy ear (esp. at night)
dizziness
unilateral facial weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cholesteoma Tx

A

Referral

Surgical tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Otitis Externa

A

Inflammation of the EAC or auricle.

Infectious, allergic, dermal dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Otitis externa S/S

A 
Otalgia
pain at tragus when ear pulled
Pruritis
Discharge
Hearing loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Otitis externa bacterial causes

A

Staph
Pneudomonas (swimmers)
Proteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Otitis Externa Tx

A

Ear cleaning (w/ hydrogen peroxide, water)
Protect ear from water
Cortisporin (topical abx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Malignant External Otitis

A

Necrotizing otitis externa
An invasive infxn of EAC and skull base
Common in elderly w/ DM
AIDS and immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Most common cause of Malignant External Otitis
Pseudomonas (95%)
26
Malignant External Otitis Presentation
Exquisite otalgia and otorrhea | granulation of inferior portion of EAC
27
Complications of Malignant External Otitis
Osteolyelitis Mastoiditis TMJ osteomyelitis Cranial nerve palsies
28
Malignant External Otitis Tx
Ciprofloxacin 750 mg PO BID for 6-8 wks | No role for topical abx
29
TM perforation S/S
Otorrhea Sudden decrease in ear pain followed by drainage Hearing loss Tinnitus
30
TM Perf Causes
``` Middle ear infxn barotrauma Acoustic trauma foreign objects Loud, sudden noise ```
31
TM Perf Tx
``` Most heal on their own Consider topical abx keep ear dry ear drum pach Tympanoplasty ```
32
Barotrauma
Usually begins with ET dysfxn Most frequent cause is flying Pressure in ear
33
Barotrauma tx and prevention
Valsalva, decongestants | Chewing gum, yawning, swallowing
34
Cerumen Impaction
Irrigate with water at body temp | Should only be performed when TM is intact
35
Mastoiditis
A complication of AOM Evolves several weeks after persistent AOM Infection spreads to mastoid air cells Leads to infxn and destruction of mastoid bone
36
S/S of mastoiditis
Postauricular pain and erythema Spiking fever Tender mass
37
Mastoiditis Tx
ENT consult CT, MRI Admission for IV abx
38
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
Usually unilateral Median age is 50 at dx Benign, but can cause hydrocephalus
39
Acoustic Neuroma S/S
Depend son nerves impacted Hearing loss, tinnitus Unsteadiness while walking Facial numbness, pain, parasthesias
40
Acoustic neuroma Dx and Tx
Referral, MRI, CT | Surgery
41
Vertigo
A symptom of illusionary movement Transient spinning, swaying, tilting, falling Caused by asymmetry in vestibular system or involved structures.
42
Peripheral Vertigo
Sudden onset Horizontal nystagmus Visual fixation stops nystagmus Blurred Vision
43
Central Vertigo
``` Gradual onset of vertigo Nystagmus generally vertical Visual fixation does not stop nystagmus Brainstem dysfxn Instability Weakness Double vision ```
44
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Dizziness caused by debris in the inner ear. | The debris is generally crystals formed by calcium carbonate
45
BPPV S/S
Recurrent, brief episodes Predictable head movements or positions precipitate sx Horizontal nystagmus Dix-Hallpike maneuver best for determining BPPV
46
Dix-Hallpike maneuver
Bring pt from sitting to supine with head turned 45 degrees to side and extended 20 degrees backwards. Positive test reveals burst of nystagmus
47
BPPV Tx
Wait it out | Epley Maneuver
48
Epley Maneuver
Sequential movement of head into four positions, waiting in each position for 30 seconds. Repositions crystals
49
Labyrinthitis
``` Inflammation of the inner ear Causes vertigo May be accompanied by hearing loss May be associated with URI Generally goes away within days to weeks ```
50
Labyrinthitis tx
Treat N/V | Diazepam, Lorazepam
51
Meniere's Dz
Endolymphatic Hydrops | Results from distention of endolymphatic compartment of the inner ear.
52
Meniere's Dz S/S
Episodic vertigo lasting 1-8 hrs Can have N/V Low frequency hearing loss Tinnitus Aural pressure
53
Meniere's Dz Dx criteria
1. 2 spontaneous episodes of rotational vertigo lasting at least 20 mins. 2. Audiometric confirmation of sensorineural hearing loss. 3. Tinnitus and/or aural fullness
54
General Vertigo Syndrome Tx
Caffeine, tobacco, salt restriction Meds: Diuretics, antiemetics, antihistamines
55
Presbycusis
Refers to sensorineural hearing loss in elderly patients. Involves high-frequency hearing loss Difficulty w/ speech discrimination
56
Presbycusis Causes
Histologic changes with aging throughout the auditory system.
57
Sensory Presbycusis
Refers to epithelial atrophy with loss of sensory hair cells in the organ of corti.
58
Neural Presbycusis
Atrophy of nerve cells in the cochlea and central neural pathways.
59
Metabolic Presbycusis
Atrophy of the stria vascularis which maintains chemical balance in the cochlea. Generalized (flat) hearing loss because entire cochlea is infected.
60
Presbycusis Tx
Amplification devices Lip reading Cochlear implants Assisted listening devices

ENT (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions