Physiology 13 Flashcards
Approximately many neurones are present in the human body?
Approx. 1 trillion
What proportion of energy use in neurones is accounted for by 3Na+/2K+ ATPase?
Approx 70%
How does the Gibbs-Donnan effect relate to nerve cell physiology?
Trapped intracellular ions affect distribution of other ions at equilibrium.
This is counteracted in part by Na+/K+ ATPase, maintaining a physiological osmolality
What is the resting membrane potential of a neurone?
-70 mV
What is orthodromic neuronal conduction?
Conduction of an action potential from a synaptic junction down the axon to the terminus (ie. physiological)
What is antidromic neuronal conduction?
Retrograde +- anterograde conduction of an action potential from anywhere along an axon. Transmission can still only occur at the terminus
Outline the changes in membrane potential during a neuronal AP
- Initial depolarisation from -70mV due to stimulus
- Threshold reached at 15mV of depolarisation (-55mV)
- Rapid depolarisation to +35mV (spike potential)
- Rapid repolarisation
- Slowing down of repolarisation at 70%
- Period of hyperpolarisation prior to resuming resting potential (relative refractory period)
How can neurones be classified?
Number of axons:
- Monopolar neurones (eg. ganglia of autonomic NS)
- Bipolar neurones (eg. special senses)
- Multipolar neurones - 3 dendrites or more than one axon. Most CNS neurones are multipolar
How are active molecules transported in the neurone?
Following synthesis in the cell body, transmitters are transported to the axonal terminus (axoplasmic flow)
Axoplasmic flow can be anterograde or retrograde (eg. flow of used vesicles back to cell body)
Define the process of action potential conduction along a myelinated axon
By ‘saltatory conduction’ between nodes of Ranvier
How can axons be classified?
A, B, C fibres according to degree of myelination (A > B > C -unmyelinated)
A fibres further subdivided into α, β, γ, δ on basis of diameter:
α: 12-20 um
β: 5-12 um
γ: 3-6 um
δ: 2-5 um
What functions to Aα nerve fibres serve?
Proprioception
Motor neurones
What functions to Aβ nerve fibres serve?
Touch
Pressure
What functions to Aγ nerve fibres serve?
Motor to muscle spindles
What functions to Aδ nerve fibres serve?
Pain
Cold
Touch
What functions to B nerve fibres serve?
Preganglionic autonomic
What functions to C nerve fibres serve?
Pain
Temperature
Postganglionic sympathetic
What is the diameter and conduction velocity of Aα nerve fibres?
12-20 um
70-120 m/s