Physiology 101

Question 1

What are the differences between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid?

Answer 1

The Extracellular fluid has high concentrations of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate ions, cell waste and carbon dioxide. The Intracellular fluid, on the other hand, has high concentrations of potassium, magnesium and phosphate ions.

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

The maintenance of almost constant conditions in the internal environment/extracellular fluid.

Question 3

The motion that makes the extracellular fluid move through the capillaries’s permeable walls.

Answer 3

Kinetic motion that causes diffusion of the fluid through the walls.

Question 4

Organs responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis of nutrients in the extracellular fluid

Answer 4

Respiration (O2), gastrointestinal tract (carbs) and liver.

Question 5

Organs responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis of waste removal from the extracellular fluid

Answer 5

Lungs (CO2), kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and liver.

Question 6

Systems responsible for the maintenance of protection of the body

Answer 6

Immune system and Integumentary system (skin)

Question 7

Systems responsible for the regulation of body functions

Answer 7

Nervous system and Hormone Systems

Question 8

Control systems

Answer 8

Not 100% effective (level of effectiveness determined by Gain), genetic or within organs, based usually on negative feedback (like on the O2 and CO2 regulation and the arterial blood pressure regulation).

Question 9

What is the Gain in the control systems?

Answer 9

Gain = correction/error, for which correction is the difference between concentrations on a regular and defective control system and error is the amount of change in the regular control system that it cannot correct.