Physiological Psychology Final Exam Flashcards
Brain Uses…
20% of total resting oxygen
15-20% of total blood flow goes to brain
60% of glucose metabolism.
Energy Divisions…
Approx. 25% - maintaining neurons and glial cells
Approx. 75% - electrical signaling across the brain’s circuit.
Apoptosis
Planned and purposeful neuronal death.
Removal of damaged or unseeded neurons.
Necrosis
Unplanned and uncontrolled neuronal death.
Synaptic Pruning
A natural process that occurs in the brain between early childhood and adulthood.
- Brain eliminates extra synapses.
- Pruning –> Efficiency
Synapses
Brain structures that allow the neurons to transmit an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron.
Schizophrenia is correlated with…
Decrease synapses.
Autism is correlated with…
Increase synapses.
Caveat
Brain is a close circuit and everything works in conjunction.
Frontal Lobe
Executive functions.
- Emotion regulation.
- Planning
- Reasoning
- Inhibitory Control
Dominant Hemisphere-Frontal Lobe
Social conduct.
Prefrontal Cortex
Seat of planning and strategizing.
Ventromedial PFC
Empathy and guilt.
Parietal Lobe
Integrating sensory information, including touch, temperature, pressure and pain.
Temporal Lobe
Processing sensory information, particularly important for hearing, recognizing language, and forming memories.
- Contains the primary auditory cortex.
Occipital Lobe
Visual processing (depth, distance, location).
- Contains the primary visual cortex.
Basal Ganglia
Controls motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.
- Part of the limbic system.
Substantia Nigra
Produces dopamine (high concentration in Basal Ganglia).
Dopamine Dysfunction
Movement disorder such as Parkinsonian syndrome, dystonia, chorea, and tics.
Suppress of motor function = ?
Decreased purposeful movement.
Blood supply to area…
- 5L/min blood pumped every minute.
- Entire volume of blood supply circulates every minute.
Intravenous
Fastest and most dangerous.
- 30-60 seconds.
Administration Types:
- Intravenous
- Intraperitoneal
- Intramuscular
- Subcutaneous
- Intracerebral (bypass BBB)
- Oral
- Intrarectal
- Inhalation (lungs) vs. insufflation (nasal)
- Topical
Entry of Drugs in Brain
- Drugs exert effects only in their sites of action.
- Mostly on or in cells of the CNS.
- Most important factor is determining the rate of lipid solubility. Lipid soluble materials pass through the most rapidly.
- Heroin > Morphine