Physiological Psychology

Question 1

One of first to theorize that behavior, intellect, and personality might be linked to brain anatomy

Answer 1

Franz Gall

Question 2

Developed the doctrine of phrenology

Answer 2

Franz Gall

Question 3

Prenology

Answer 3

Belief that if a trait were well developed, it’d push out the part of the brain responsible for it

The study of the conformation of the skull based on the belief that it is indicative of mental faculties and character

Question 4

First to study functions of the major sections of the brain

Answer 4

Pierre Flourens

Question 5

Studied sections of the brain by extirpation (ablation) using pigeons

Answer 5

Pierre Flourens

Question 6

Surgically removing various parts of the brain to observe the behavioral changes

Answer 6

Extirpation

Question 7

Believed it was important to study how the mind functioned in adapting to the environment

Answer 7

William James

Question 8

A system of thought in psychology that was concerned with studying how mental processes helped individuals adapt to their environments

Answer 8

Functionalism

Question 9

Wrote an article criticizing the reflex arc

Answer 9

John Dewey

Question 10

Believed psychology should focus on the organization as a whole as it functioned and adapted to the environment

Answer 10

John Dewey

Question 11

Examined behavioral deficits of people with brain damage

Answer 11

Paul Broca

Question 12

First to demonstrate that specific functional impairments could be linked with specific brain lesions

Answer 12

Paul Broca

Question 13

Phineas Gage

Answer 13

Railroad worker who was injured when an iron rod was gauged into the front of his skull; survived the injury with minor physical impairments, but experienced noticable differences in his personality

Question 14

Identified the law of specific nerve energies (that each sensory nerve is excited by only one kind of energy)

Answer 14

Johannes Mueller

Question 15

First to measure the speed of a nerve impulse

Answer 15

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 16

Helped transition psychology into a field of the natural sciences

Answer 16

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 17

First to infer the existence of synapses

Answer 17

Sir Charles Sherrington

Question 18

French anatomist who identified the part of the brain primarily associated with producing spoken language

Answer 18

Paul Broca

Question 19

Physiologist who studied the automatic nervous system, including “fight or flight” reactions; investigated homeostatis

Answer 19

Cannon, W.

Question 20

Demonstrated that simple learning behavior in sea snails (aplysia) is associated with changes in neurotransmission

Answer 20

Kandel, E.

Question 21

Studied loss of normal fear and rage reactions in monkeys resulting from damage to temporal lobes

Answer 21

Kluever, H. & Bucy, P.

Question 22

Studied the amygdala’s role in emotions

Answer 22

Kluever, H. & Bucy, P.

Question 23

Russian neurologist who studied how brain damage leads to impairment in sensory, motor and language functions

Answer 23

Luria, A.

Question 24

Studied severe anterograde amnesia in H. M., a patient whose hippocampus and temporal lobes were removed surgically to control epilepsy

Answer 24

Milner, B.

Question 25

Demonstrated the existence of pleasure center in the brain using “self-stimulation” studies in rats

Answer 25

Olds, J. & Milner, P.

Question 26

Canadian neurosurgeon who used electrodes and electrical stimulation techniques to “map” out different parts of the brain during surgery

Answer 26

Penfield, W.

Question 27

Investigated functional differences between left and right cerebral hemispheres using “split-brain” studies

Answer 27

Sperry, R. & Gazzaniga, M.

Question 28

German neurologist who identified part of the brain primarily associated with understanding spoken language

Answer 28

Wernicke, C

Question 29

Parts of the Forebrain (5)

Answer 29

Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 30

Parts of the Midbrain (1)

Answer 30

Inferior and superior colliculi

Question 31

Parts of the Hindbrain (3)

Answer 31

Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Reticular formation

Question 32

Function of the cerebral cortex

Answer 32

Complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavior processes

Question 33

Function of the basal ganglia

Answer 33

Movement

Question 34

Function of the limbic system

Answer 34

Emotion and memory

Question 35

Function of the thalamus

Answer 35

Sensory relay station

Question 36

Function of the hypothalamus

Answer 36

Hunger and thirst; emotion

Question 37

Function of the inferior and superior colliculi

Answer 37

Sensorimotor reflexes

Question 38

Function of the cerebellum

Answer 38

Refined motor movements

Question 39

Function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 39

Vital functioning (breathing, digestion)

Question 40

Function of the reticular formation

Answer 40

Arousal and alertness

Question 41

Function of the septum

Answer 41

Pleasure center identified by Olds and Milner; inhibits aggression; lesions produce “sham rage”

Question 42

Function of the amygdala

Answer 42

Defensive and aggressive behavior; studied by Kluever and Bucy; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states

Question 43

Function of the hippocampus

Answer 43

Memory; lesions produce anterograde amnesia