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GRE Psych > Names > Flashcards

Names Flashcards

1
Q

Pondered truth, beauty and justice; derived principles by logic

A

Socrates

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2
Q

Abstract, unsystematic philosophy; derived principles by logic

A

Plato

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3
Q

Student of Socrates

A

Plato

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4
Q

Student of Plato

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

Loved data and observations; believed knowledge is not preexisting, that it grows from experience and memories

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

“I think, therefore I am.” Truth is found through reason and deduction; studied how mind and body communicate

A

Rene Descartes

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7
Q

One of the founders of modern science; fascinated by the human mind and its failings

A

Francis Bacon

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8
Q

Believed upon entering the world, humans’ minds are a blank slate; knowledge is not innate

A

John Locke

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9
Q

Believed science could be formed to explain people

A

Thomas Hobbes

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10
Q

In contrast to Locke, believed our minds are active, not passive

A

Immanuel Kant

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11
Q

Founder of psychology; set up first psychological lab at the University of Leipzig; set up first psychological journal; attempted to study and analyze consciousness

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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12
Q

Studied time lapse between hearing a sound and pressing a button

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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13
Q

Founder of structuralism (using introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind)

A

Edward Titchener

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14
Q

Founder of functionalism (focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish)

A

William James

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15
Q

First female president of APA; researched memory

A

Mary Calkins

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16
Q

First female psychology PhD; 2nd female APA president; researched animal behavior

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

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17
Q

Believed healing ailments came from manipulating body fluids; came up with mesmerism (hypnotism)

A

Anton Mesmer

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18
Q

Believed in phrenology (nature of a person could be known by studying a skull)

A

Franz Joseph Gall

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19
Q

Continued Gall’s work

A

J. Spurzheim

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20
Q

Made evolution a scientifically sound principle

A

Charles Darwin

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21
Q

Created the correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius

A

Sir Francis Galton

22
Q

Promoted eugenics (plan for selective human breeding in order to strengthen the species)

A

Sir Francis Galton

23
Q

Founded experimental psychology (before him, people thought the mind could not be studied empirically)

A

Gustav Fechner

24
Q

Believed in the existence of specific nerve energies; teacher of Wilhelm Wundt

A

Johannes Mueller

25
Q

Studied sensation; provided foundation for modern perception research

A

Hermann von Helmholtz

26
Q

Father of psychology of adaptation; founder of sociology

A

Herbert Spencer

27
Q

Father of experimental psychology (Wundt of the US)

A

William James

28
Q

Founded APA (1892) and the American Journal of Psychology (1887)

A

Stanley Hall

29
Q

Year APA was founded

30
Q

Coined the term “adolescence”

A

Stanley Hall

31
Q

Famous for reflex arc; foundation for functionalism

A

John Dewey

32
Q

Opened psychology labs at Penn and Columbia; thought psych should be more scientific than Wundt

A

James Cattell

33
Q

Researched better care for the mentally ill through hospitalization

A

Dorothea Dix

34
Q

Famous for classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

35
Q

Founded school of behavioralism (psychology is about observing and studying behaviors as people respond to different situations)

A

John B. Watson

36
Q

Operant conditioning; Skinner Box

A

B. F. Skinner

37
Q

Law of Effect (precursor of operant conditioning)

A

Edward Thorndike

38
Q

Founders of the school of Gestalt psychology (in perception, whole is greater than the sum of its parts)

A

Max Wertheimer
Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka

39
Q

Psychoanalysis; 3-part structure of mind (id, ego, and super ego); unconscious motivations

A

Sigmund Freud

40
Q

4-Type Theory of Personality (also known as Individual Theory of Personality)

A

Alfred Adler

41
Q

Analytic psychology - collective unconscious and archetypes

A

Carl Gustav Jung

42
Q

Cognitive development in children

A

Jean Piaget

43
Q

Performance = Drive x Habit

A

Clark Hull

44
Q

Modified theories of Clark Hull

A

Kenneth Spence

45
Q

Cognitive maps; Expectancy-Value Theory (Performance = Expectation x Value)

A

Edward Tolman

46
Q

Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings

A

Konrad Lorenz

47
Q

Client-centered therapy; Humanistic school of thought (emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth)

A

Carl Rogers

48
Q

Leader of humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs

A

Abraham Maslow

49
Q

8 Stage of Psychosocial Development; coined the term “identity crisis”

A

Erik Erikson

50
Q

Existential psychology; devised logotherapy

A

Victor Frankl

51
Q

Cognitive therapeutic techniques; Beck Depression Inventory

A

Aaron Beck

GRE Psych (4 decks)

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