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Advanced Exercise Physiology > Physiological adaptations to anaerobic training > Flashcards

Physiological adaptations to anaerobic training Flashcards

1
Q

What is the energy system used in very short high-intensity efforts (<5s)?

A

ATP + PCr

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2
Q

What is the energy system used in short, high-intensity efforts (5s - 1 or 2 mins)?

A

Glycolytic

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3
Q

What is the energy system used in extended high-intensity efforts (1 or 2 mins or 1 or 2 hrs)?

A

Glycogen

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4
Q

What is the energy system used in endurance efforts (> 1 - 2 hrs)

A

Oxidative

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5
Q

What is the energy system used in prolonged or repeated single short sprints?

A

ATP+PCr and glycolytic

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6
Q

What occurs physiologically during anaerobic sprint efforts?

A
  1. Rapid decrease in PCr as it supplies energy to resythesize ATP
  2. Aerobic glycolysis stimulated to supply energy
  3. Lactate and H+ produced which decreased pH (increases acidity)
  4. Anaerobic glycolytic system starts to fatigue, aerobic sources called on but the rate will have to slow.
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7
Q

What are the goals of anaerobic training?

A
  • improve the rate of energy supply

- improve the capacity of anaerobic energy systems to supply energy

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8
Q

What are the 2 ways of training the anaerobic energy systems?

A
  1. High intensity intervals (HIIT)

2. Speed and speed endurance sprints: prolonged or short sprints

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9
Q

What are the metabolic ATP+PCr system adaptations to anaerobic training?

A
  • increase creatine kinase activity (short sprints)

- increase myosin kinase activity (short sprints)

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10
Q

What are the metabolic Glycolytic system adaptations to anaerobic training?

A
  • increase phosphorylase (PHOS) following training (prolonged or short sprints)
  • increase phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity following training (prolonged or combination sprints)
  • increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
  • overall = increase glycolytic enzymes -> increase rate and duration of energy supply
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11
Q

What are the metabolic aerobic system adaptations to anaerobic training?

A
  • increase SDH
  • increase citrate synthase
  • increase VO2 max
  • improved recovery (PCr recovery and HLa clearance)
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12
Q

What are the changes in resting metabolites with anaerobic training?

A
  • ATP may decrease following high volume/intensity
  • ATP:ADP decreases with heavy training
    leads to: - increase adenylate kinase reaction to energy supply
    - increase myoadenylate deaminase reaction
    = loss of purine bases to resynthesize ATP
  • increase lactate and H+ with high intensity exercise utilizing anaerobic glyoclytic pathways
  • increase in H+ = decrease pH = acidic - fatigue
  • increase monocarboxylate transporters (MCT)
  • increased Max Hla- = better clearance
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13
Q

What are the general Muscular adaptations to anaerobic training?

A
  • changes in fibre types
  • changes in fibre size
  • changes in sacroplasmic reticulum
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14
Q

What are the muscle fibre type adaptations to anaerobic training?

A
  • increased type II fibres (prolonged sprints with short recovery has less type II development and some Type I)
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15
Q

What are the muscle fibre size changes to anaerobic training?

A
  • increased type 2 CSA

- possibly increase type 1 CSA

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16
Q

What are the changes to sacroplasmic reticulum with anaerobic training?

A
  • possibly leads to increased SR volume due to increase in Type II fibres
17
Q

What is W’?

A

the finitite work capacity above CP

  • potential maxmim capacity for a set amount of power and time
  • with an increase in intensity time will decrease and vice versa
18
Q

What is Critical power?

A
  • point between the heavy-intensity domain (after LT2) and severe-intensity domain (70-90% VO2max)
19
Q

Describe the effect of altering interval duration and rest/recovery time on the energy system contributions

A
  • insufficient rest between efforts leads to build up of fatiguing metabolites and insufficient recovery of energy systems
  • short sprints with minimal recovery or prolonged sprints with relatively short recovery = increased contribution of oxidative system -> limits work rate
  • prolonged sprints with short recovery = aerobic = increase in type I fibres and less increase in type II
  • short sprint = increase type II fibres
20
Q

Describe the effect of altering the recovery time between interval training sessions on subsequent adaptations

A
  • increased days between sessions may improve myokinase response for ATP resynthesis
  • more frequent training = increase Type I musc. fibres
  • less frequent training = increase Type II musc. fibres
  • anaerobic training everyday may not lead to greatest improvements, we must allow time for recovery

Advanced Exercise Physiology (12 decks)

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