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Lab > PHYSIOEX Lab 5 Excercises 1-7 > Flashcards

PHYSIOEX Lab 5 Excercises 1-7 Flashcards

1
Q

total blood flow is determined by

A

cardiac output

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2
Q

three main factors that affect resistance are

A

blood vessel radius
blood vessel length
blood viscosity

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3
Q

the smaller the blood vessel radius the _______ the _________

A

greater the resistance

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4
Q

define vasoconstriction

A

contraction of smooth muscle of the blood vessel

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5
Q

vasoconstriction results in the

A

decrease in the blood vessel radius

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6
Q

define vasodilation

A

relaxation of smooth muscle of the blood vessel

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7
Q

vasodilation causes

A

the increase in the blood vessel radius

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8
Q

T/F: blood vessel radius is the single most important factor in determining blood flow resistance.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

longer the vessel length, the ____________

A

greater the resistance

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10
Q

define viscosity

A

blood thickness and determined by hematocrit - the fractional contribution of red blood cells to total blood volume

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11
Q

the higher the hematrocrit, the ___________

A

greater the viscosity

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12
Q

Q: blood flow is measured in;

A

ml/min

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13
Q

Q: Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow

A

blood vessel radius

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14
Q

Q: which of the following would not result in a decrease in the blood vessel radius

A

vasodilation

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15
Q

Q; the diameter of the blood vessel is the same as

A

two times the radius of the blood vessel

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16
Q

Q: the opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the

A

lumen

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17
Q

viscosity is

A

the thickness or stickiness of a fluid.

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18
Q

the viscosity of blood is due to

A

the presence of plasma proteins and formed elements which include white cells, red blood cells and platelets

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19
Q

what is polycythemia

A

a condition in which excels red blood cells are present, and certain types of anemia result in fewer red blood cells

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20
Q

Q: which of the following is not a formed element

A

plasma protein

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21
Q

Q: thrombocytopnia is a reduction in platelets. what effect do ou think this could have on blood viscosity

A

decrerase blood viscosity

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22
Q

Q: which of the following does not contribute to the viscosity of the blood

A

oxygen level in blood

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23
Q

Q: viscosity most directly affects

A

peripheral resistance

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24
Q

the longer the vessel, the ________________ the resistance to blood flow through the blood vessel

A

greater

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25
Q

if you gain weight, the blood vessel will

A

increase in length

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26
Q

if you lose weight the blood vessel will

A

decrease in length

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27
Q

Q: when the length of the blood vessel increases, which of the following increases

A

both friction and surface area

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28
Q

Q: blood vessel length decreases when

A

we lose wegith

29
Q

Q: blod flow is

A

directly proportional to vessel radius to the fourth power

30
Q

Q: which of the following correctly describes resistance to flow:

A

resistance to flow increases with increased vessel length

31
Q

for the force of contraction of the heart provides

A

the initial pressure

32
Q

vascular resistance contributes to

A

the pressure gradient

33
Q

Q: pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from

A

changes in the force of contraction of the heart

34
Q

Q: what is the driving force for blood flow

A

pressure gradient

35
Q

Q: which of the following is directly proportional to blood flow

A

blood vessel radius and pressure gradient

36
Q

Q: arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for

A

pressure changes

37
Q

each heartbeat consists of what two things

A

filling interval - blood moves into the chambers of heart

ejection period - when blood is actively pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

38
Q

define diastole

A

relaxation of heart

39
Q

define systole

A

contraction of the heart

40
Q

heart chambers fill during _______

A

diastole

41
Q

heart chambers pumb blood out during _______

A

systole

42
Q

_________ side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs into the ___________

A

right side

left side

43
Q

__________ side of the heart delivers blod to the systems of the body

A

left

44
Q

blood returns to the _______ side of the heart to complete the circuit

A

right

45
Q

T/F: to maintain blood pressue, the cardiovascular system can alter heart rate, stroke volume or resistance

A

TRUE

46
Q

Q: the heart is resting during

A

ventricular diastole

47
Q

Q: the right side of heart pumps blood to

A

lungs

48
Q

Q: the layer of the blood vessel that is stimulated by the autmatic NS is the

A

smooth muscle

49
Q

Q: in the experiment, the pump stimulates

A

left ventricle of the heart

50
Q

Q: if the right beaker stimulates the flow of blod to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent

A

aortic valve and aorta

51
Q

what factors affect stroke volume

A

preload,
contractility
afterload

52
Q

define preload

A

degree to which the ventricles are stretched by the end diastolic volume

53
Q

when the end diastolic volume increases, the cardiac muscle fibers of the ventricles

A

stretch and lengthen

54
Q

define afterload

A

the back pressure generated by the blood in the aorta and pulmonary trunk. this is the threshold that must be overcome for the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves to open

55
Q

define cardiac output

A

equal to the heart rate multipled by the stroke volume.

56
Q

in cardiac output when the stroke volume decreases, the heart rate must

A

increase to maintain cardiac output.

57
Q

Q; which of the folowing variables directly contributes to preload

A

venous return

58
Q

Q; which of the following would NOT increase end diastolic volume

A

dehydration

59
Q

Q; increased contractility of the heart results in all but which of the following

A

increased end systolic volume

60
Q

Q; which of the does not affect stroke volume

A

all fo these affect stroke volume: preload, contractility, afterload

61
Q

Q: which of the following is not equivalent to the others

A

end distolic volume

62
Q

define aortic valve stenosis

A

a condition where there is a partial blockage of the aortic semilunar valve, increasing reisstance to blood flow and left ventricular afterload

63
Q

the increase contractility, the ________becomes thicker

A

myocardium

64
Q

valves in the heart ensure that blood flows in

A

one direciton through the heart

65
Q

Q: which of the following could cause an increase in peripheral resistance in the blood vessel

A

atherosclersis

66
Q

Q; which structures in the heart ensure that one-way flow occures

A

valves

67
Q

Q: whcih of the following might be seen in both the diseased heart and the athlete’s heart

A

thicker myocardium

68
Q

Q: the type of resistance increased in aortic valve stenosis is

A

increased left ventricular afterload

Lab (16 decks)

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