Mitosis / Meiosis Beads

Question 1

what is the goal of mitosis

Answer 1

to make an exact copy of the nucleaus

Question 2

MITOSIS

Answer 2

G1 Interphsse

the cell increases in mass in preparation for cell division. Note that the G in G1 represents gap and the 1 represents first, so the G1 phase is the first gap phase.

Question 3

MITOSIS

Answer 3

S Interphase

The period during which DNA is synthesized. In most cells, there is a narrow window of time during which DNA is synthesized. Note that the S represents synthesis.

Question 4

MITOSIS

Answer 4

end of S interphase - Sister Chromatids

at the end of the S Phase they have sister chromatids

Question 5

MITOSIS

Answer 5

G2 Interphase

The period after DNA synthesis has occurred but prior to the start of prophase. The cell synthesizes proteins and continues to increase in size. Note that the G in G2 represents gap and the 2 represents second, so the G2 phase is the second gap phase.

Question 6

In the latter part of interphase:

the cell still has _______ present.

the _______ is bound by a ________ _______ and the cell’s chromosomes are the form of __________

Answer 6

nuclei

nucleaus, nuclear envelope, chromatid

Question 7

MITOSIS

Answer 7

Prophase

the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles form at opposite “poles” of the cell. Many consider prophase (versus interphase) to be the first true step of the mitotic process.

Question 8

Name some changes that occur during Mitosis Prophase

Answer 8

1. chromatin fibers become coiled into chromosomes with each chromosome having two chromatids joined at centromere
2. the mitotic spindle, composed of microtubules and proteins, forms in the cytoplasm
3. the two pair of centrioles move away from one another toward opposite ends of the cell due to lengthening of the microtubules

Question 9

MITOSIS

Answer 9

Metaphase

the spindle fully develops and the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (a plane that is equally distant from the two spindle poles).

Question 10

Changes that occur during Mitosis Metaphase

Answer 10

1. nuclear membrane disappears complete
2. polar fibers continue to extend from the poles to center of cell
3. chromosomes move randomly until they attach to polar fibers from both sides of their centromers
4. chromosomes align at the metaphse plate at right angles to the spindle poles

Question 11

MITOSIS

Answer 11

Anaphase

the paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell. Spindle fibers not connected to chromatids lengthen and elongate the cell. At the end of anaphase, each pole contains a complete compilation of chromosomes.

Question 12

MITOSIS

Answer 12

Telophase

the chromosomes are cordoned off into distinct new nuclei in the emerging daughter cells.

Question 13

what is the goal of Meiosis

Answer 13

to make genetically different cells

Question 14

MEIOSIS

Answer 14

Meiosis Interphase

Cell has grown and made copies of each chromosome

Question 15

MEIOSIS

Answer 15

End of Interphase

same as Mitosis

Question 16

MEIOSIS

Answer 16

Prophase I

MOST IMPORTANT STAGE

genes get mixed up (randomized) called genetic recombination. chromosomes have two sister chromatids. they cross and overlap.

Question 17

MEIOSIS

Answer 17

Metaphase I

Tetrads align at the metaphase plate.

Note that the centromeres of homologous chromosomes are oriented toward the opposite cell poles.

Question 18

MEIOSIS

Answer 18

Anaphase I

Chromosomes move to the opposite cell poles. Similar to mitosis, the microtubules and the kinetochore fibers interact to cause the movement.

Unlike in mitosis, the homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles yet the sister chromatids remain together.

Question 19

MEIOSIS

Answer 19

Telophase I

The spindles continue to move the homologous chromosomes to the poles.

Once movement is complete, each pole has a haploid number of chromosomes.

In most cases, cytokinesis occurs at the same time as telophase I.

At the end of telophase I and cytokinesis, two daughter cells are produced, each with one half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell.

Question 20

MEIOSIS

INTERPHASE

Answer 20

NONE DUH!!

Question 21

MEOSIS

Answer 21

Prophase 2

The nuclear membrane and nuclei break up while the spindle network appears.

The chromosomes begin migrating to the metaphase II plate (at the cell’s equator).

Question 22

MEIOSIS

Answer 22

Metaphase 2

The chromosomes line up at the metaphase II plate at the cell’s center.

The kinetochores of the sister chromatids point toward opposite poles.

Question 23

MEIOSIS

Answer 23

Anaphase 2

The sister chromatids separate and move toward the opposite cell poles.

Question 24

MEIOSIS

Answer 24

Telophase 2

Distinct nuclei form at the opposite poles and cytokinesis occurs.

At the end of meiosis II, there are four daughter cells each with one half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell.

Different from mitosis: reduced number of chromosoems (2 in each one).

Each nucleai has different chromosome in it.

Question 25

MITOSIS: the cytoplasm divides, and the cell contents are seperated into two cells.

Answer 25

cytokinesis

Question 26

MITOSIS: chromosomes become aligned along the equatorial plane of the cell

Answer 26

metaphase

Question 27

MITOSIS: chromosome replication occurs

Answer 27

S Phase of interphase

Question 28

MITOSIS: Migration of the daughter chromosomes to the two poles is complete

Answer 28

telophase

Question 29

MITOSIS: what happens in anaphase?

Answer 29

sister chromatids seperate, and the now-daughter chromosomes move to oppsotite poles of the cell

Question 30

MEIOSIS: a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs, prducing 4 daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes

Answer 30

telophase 2

Question 31

the two chromosomes in each bivalent sepeate and migrate toward opposite poles

Answer 31

anaphase I

Question 32

MEIOSIS: the maternal and paternal chromosomes of each homologous pair seperate and reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelopes form around them, and cytokinesis follows to produce two cells

Answer 32

telophase I

Question 33

MEIOSIS: what is the state during which the pairs of chromosomes become arranged on a plane equidistant from the poles

Answer 33

metaphase I

Question 34

what are the mechanisms by which genetic variation is produced by meiosis

Answer 34

through the way the paternal and maternal chromosomes segregate; and by the process of crossing over

Question 35

Name the stages of Meioss

Answer 35

Question 36

Name the stages of Mitosis

Answer 36