Physio - Vallano - Peeing and Pooping - 2/24 Flashcards
Contraction of what major muscle is critical to micturition?
Detrusor muscle, smooth muscle in the bladder. (PNS activation when emptying, S activation when holding it)
Note that the trigone and internal sphincter are also smooth muscle, but relax during bladder emptying.
What part of the brain controls the detrusor muscle?
Pontine micturition center, controls detrusor muscles and urinary sphincters.
Suprapontine centers exert tonic inhibition (PNS) over the pontine micturition center providing voluntary control.
_____ fibers inhibit contraction of the detrusor (beta-adrenergic response) and stimulate contraction of the internal sphincter muscles (alpha-adrenergic)
SNS
Why does LMN damage lead to neurogenic bladder where you cannot empty?
PNS innervation, for voiding, comes through the splanchnic nerves at S2-S4, but the SNS controls holding it, and they come off at T11-T12, so if you get hurt in between there, neurogenic bladder can result in which you cannot void.
In what part of the colon is the dwell time the longest for chyme?
Transverse colon, can be up to 24 hrs.
What is the result of poor motility through the colon?
Hard poops bc too much absorption occurs
What are the two forms of diarrhea?
- Osmotic - results from nonabsorbable solutes in the lumen, ie lactose intolerace
- Secretory - excessive secretion by crypt cells due to bacterial overgrowth or cholera, ie.
When is the gastroilieal reflex activated?
When food enters the empty stomach
It intensifies peristalsis of the small intestine, relaxes theileocecal sphincter and promotes passage of the material from ileum to colon.
What is the common cause of appendicitis?
Obstruction of the appendix lumen by calcified fecal matter
What does the colon contain in lieu of villi? Peyer’s Patches?
Crypts instead of villi
Solitary lymph nodes scattered but no Peyer’s Patches
T/F: The colon absorbs Na+, HCO3- and H2O, and secretes K+ and Cl-.
FALSE. The colon absorbs Na+, Cl- and H2O, and secretes K+ and HCO3-.
Severe hypokalemia, for example due to prolonged diarrhea, can lead to:
Cardiac arrhythmia
What is the primary mechanism for interdigestive Na+ absorption?
“Electroneutral NaCl absorption”
Na-H exchanger and the Cl-HCO3 exchanger, which promote water re-absorption.
How does aldosterone influence water reabsorption in the colon?
It increases the # of Na+ channels in the colon. Water and Cl- follow passively through tight junctions.
T/F: The large intestine contains interstitial cells of Cajal.
True