Physio- Obstructive And Restrictive Diseases

Question 1

List the changes in all lung volumes known obstructive diseases.

Answer 1

Increase - RV, TLC and FRC
Decrease - ERV, IRV and VC
No change - TV

Question 2

Describe what increases the total work of breathing in obstructive diseases.

Answer 2

Total work of breathing is increased by the increase in resistive work during inspiration and expiration. It is seen in slow and deep breathing.

Note: pulmonary ventilation is maintained by increase in tidal volume

Question 3

What are the two clinical patterns of COPD?

Answer 3

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 4

Give characteristics of:
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

Answer 4

CB- hyper mucus secretion, fibrosis, inflammation infiltration, thickening of basement membrane, hyperplasia of globet cells and submucosal cells. Blue bloater

E- Pink puffer. Characterized by protease- antiprotease and oxidants- antioxidants imbalance.

Question 5

List the consequences of alveolar destruction in emphysema.

Answer 5

Increase compliance
Collapse of small airways
Reduced alveolar surface area
Reduced alveolar perfusion

Question 6

What are the clinical findings of respiratory failure?

Answer 6

Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Tripod position

Question 7

State the effects of the arterial PO2 and PCO2 levels in the types of respiratory failure.

Answer 7

Type 1- decrease PO2, normal PCO2
Type 2- Increase PO2 and Increase PCO2

Question 8

State the causes of hypoxemia in Type 1 respiratory failure.

Answer 8

Alveolar hypoventilation
Alveolar ventilation- perfusion mismatch
Diffusion abnormalities
Right to left shunt

Question 9

State the causes of hypercapnia in type 2 respiratory failure.

Answer 9

Alveolar hypoventilation
Alveolar ventilation- perfusion mismatch

Question 10

List the changes in all lung volumes known restrictive diseases.

Answer 10

All lung volumes decrease and tidal volume remains the same.