2401- Anatomy Lungs

Question 1

State the anterior relations of the apex of the lung.

Answer 1

Scalenus anterior muscle
Subclavian artery and vein

Question 2

The posterior relations of the apex of the lung includes?

Answer 2

Ventral ramus of T1 (1st thoracic nerve)
Superior intercostal artery and vein
Sympathetic chain (Cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion)

Question 3

Give the relations of the medial surface of the apex on the right side of the lung.

Answer 3

Right phrenic nerve
Right vagus nerve
Right brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic trunk
Trachea

Question 4

Give the relations of the medial surface of the apex on the left side of the lung.

Answer 4

Left brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian vein
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Esophagus
Thoracic duct

Question 5

Give the lateral relation of the apex of the lung.

Answer 5

Scalenus medius

Question 6

State the effects of cancer on the apex on the following regions:
Subclavian and brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic nerve

Answer 6

A) venous engorgement or edema in the arms, face or neck
B) pressure caused a diminished radial pulse
C) hoarseness of the voice
D) paralysis of hemi - diaphragm

Question 7

Where is the cardiac notch located in the lungs?

Answer 7

On the left side below the 4th costal cartilage on the superior lobe

Question 8

What is the length of the posterior border of the lungs?

Answer 8

C7-T10

Question 9

State the characteristics of the costal surface of the lungs.

Answer 9

Covered by costal pleura and endothoracic fascia
Related to the lateral thoracic wall.

Question 10

Give the classification of the number of ribs related to the costal surface.

Answer 10

Upper 6 - midclavicular line
Upper 8- midaxillary line
Upper 10 - scapular line

Question 11

The mediastinal surface of the right lung is related to which structures?

Answer 11

Superior and inferior vena cava
Right subclavian artery
Right brachiocephalic vein
Right phrenic nerve
Esophagus
Arch of azygos vein
Cardiac impression

Question 12

The mediastinal surface of the left lung is related to which structures?

Answer 12

Arch of aorta
Thoracic aorta
Subclavian artery
Common carotid artery
Left phrenic, vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left sympathetic trunk
Thoracic duct
Esophagus

Question 13

Give the anterior relations of the root of both lungs.

Answer 13

PAP
Phrenic nerve
Anterior pulmonary plexus
Pericardiophrenic vessels

Question 14

Give the anterior relations of the root of the right lung.

Answer 14

SR
Superior vena cava
Right atrium

Question 15

The posterior relations of the root both sides of the lung includes?

Answer 15

Vagus Nerve
Posterior pulmonary plexus

Question 16

Give the posterior relations of root of the left side of the lung.

Answer 16

Descending thoracic aorta

Question 17

Give the superior relations of the root of the right and left side of the lungs.

Answer 17

Right - azygos vein
Left - arch of aorta

Question 18

What is the inferior relation of the root of the lungs?

Answer 18

Pulmonary ligament

Question 19

Familiarize the sections and state the locations where auscultation of the lung occurs.

Answer 19

Apex
Superior- right side - 4th CC, left - 6th CC
Middle - between 4th and 6th right ribs
Inferior - 6th and 8th ribs mid-axillary line

Question 20

State the nervous system of the lungs and their characteristics.

Answer 20

Parasympathetic- bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and increase mucus secretion
Sympathetic (T2-T5) - bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, decrease mucus secretion

Question 21

In which bronchus will foreign bodies must likely to enter when inhaled? Which lung is mainly affected?

Answer 21

Right principal bronchus and right lung

Question 22

The right bronchus of the lungs divides into what structures?

Answer 22

1. Eparterial - continues as the right superior lobe bronchus. Divides into apical, anterior and posterior.
2. Hyparterial - divided into middle lobe and inferior lobe bronchus.

Note:
Middle lobe - medial and lateral segmental bronchi
Inferior - Superior (apical), lateral, inferior, anterior, posterior

Question 23

The left principle bronchus divides into which structures?

Answer 23

Superior lobar bronchi and inferior lobar bronchi.

Note:
Left superior lobar divides into apico- posterior, anterior, superior and inferior lingular

Left inferior lobar divides into superior, anterio- medial and posterio- lateral

Question 24

As it related to performing a bronchoscopy, what is an important landmark to look for?

Answer 24

Carina at tracheal bifurcation .

Question 25

Mendelson syndrome as an effect on which lobe of the lung?

Answer 25

Superior segment of the lower lobe of the lung.

Question 26

Give the surface markings for the following of the lungs:
Apex
Anterior (left and right)
Inferior
Posterior

Answer 26

Apex- 1in above the medial 1/3 of the clavicle
Anterior (right) - sterno-clavicular joint, sternal angle and xiphisternal joint.
Anterior (left) - 4th CC, sternal angle and 6th CC.
Inferior - 6th, 8th, 10th rib
Posterior- 2cm T10 and 2cm C7