2401- Anatomy Lungs Flashcards
State the anterior relations of the apex of the lung.
Scalenus anterior muscle
Subclavian artery and vein
The posterior relations of the apex of the lung includes?
Ventral ramus of T1 (1st thoracic nerve)
Superior intercostal artery and vein
Sympathetic chain (Cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion)
Give the relations of the medial surface of the apex on the right side of the lung.
Right phrenic nerve
Right vagus nerve
Right brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic trunk
Trachea
Give the relations of the medial surface of the apex on the left side of the lung.
Left brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian artery
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Esophagus
Thoracic duct
Give the lateral relation of the apex of the lung.
Scalenus medius
State the effects of cancer on the apex on the following regions:
Subclavian and brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic nerve
A) venous engorgement or edema in the arms, face or neck
B) pressure caused a diminished radial pulse
C) hoarseness of the voice
D) paralysis of hemi - diaphragm
Where is the cardiac notch located in the lungs?
On the left side below the 4th costal cartilage on the superior lobe
What is the length of the posterior border of the lungs?
C7-T10
State the characteristics of the costal surface of the lungs.
Covered by costal pleura and endothoracic fascia
Related to the lateral thoracic wall.
Give the classification of the number of ribs related to the costal surface.
Upper 6 - midclavicular line
Upper 8- midaxillary line
Upper 10 - scapular line
The mediastinal surface of the right lung is related to which structures?
Superior and inferior vena cava
Right subclavian artery
Right brachiocephalic vein
Right phrenic nerve
Esophagus
Arch of azygos vein
Cardiac impression
The mediastinal surface of the left lung is related to which structures?
Arch of aorta
Thoracic aorta
Subclavian artery
Common carotid artery
Left phrenic, vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left sympathetic trunk
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Give the anterior relations of the root of both lungs.
PAP
Phrenic nerve
Anterior pulmonary plexus
Pericardiophrenic vessels
Give the anterior relations of the root of the right lung.
SR
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
The posterior relations of the root both sides of the lung includes?
Vagus Nerve
Posterior pulmonary plexus
Give the posterior relations of root of the left side of the lung.
Descending thoracic aorta
Give the superior relations of the root of the right and left side of the lungs.
Right - azygos vein
Left - arch of aorta
What is the inferior relation of the root of the lungs?
Pulmonary ligament
Familiarize the sections and state the locations where auscultation of the lung occurs.
Apex
Superior- right side - 4th CC, left - 6th CC
Middle - between 4th and 6th right ribs
Inferior - 6th and 8th ribs mid-axillary line
State the nervous system of the lungs and their characteristics.
Parasympathetic- bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and increase mucus secretion
Sympathetic (T2-T5) - bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, decrease mucus secretion
In which bronchus will foreign bodies must likely to enter when inhaled? Which lung is mainly affected?
Right principal bronchus and right lung
The right bronchus of the lungs divides into what structures?
- Eparterial - continues as the right superior lobe bronchus. Divides into apical, anterior and posterior.
- Hyparterial - divided into middle lobe and inferior lobe bronchus.
Note:
Middle lobe - medial and lateral segmental bronchi
Inferior - Superior (apical), lateral, inferior, anterior, posterior
The left principle bronchus divides into which structures?
Superior lobar bronchi and inferior lobar bronchi.
Note:
Left superior lobar divides into apico- posterior, anterior, superior and inferior lingular
Left inferior lobar divides into superior, anterio- medial and posterio- lateral
As it related to performing a bronchoscopy, what is an important landmark to look for?
Carina at tracheal bifurcation .
