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MDSC 2401- Respiration > 2401- Anatomy Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx > Flashcards

2401- Anatomy Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the Cricothyroid muscle?

A

Tenses vocal cords

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2
Q

What is the action of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Abducts the vocal cords and opens rima glottis

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3
Q

What is the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Adducts the vocal cords and closes rima glottis

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4
Q

What is the arterial and nerve supply of the maxillary sinus?

A

Anterior, middle, posterior superior branch of the maxillary artery and nerves and infraorbital nerves.

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the Ethmoidal air sinuses?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal vessels

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6
Q

What structure does the anterior and middle ethmoidal air sinuses drain into?

A

Middle meatus

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7
Q

What structure does the posterior ethmoidal air sinuses drain into?

A

Superior meatus

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8
Q

What separates the ethmoidal air sinuses from the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lamina papyracea

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9
Q

Where does the sphenoidal air sinuses drain into?

A

Sphenoethmodial recess.

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10
Q

What is the nerve and arterial supply to the sphenoidal air sinuses?

A

Posterior ethmoidal nerves and vessels

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11
Q

State the communication exchange between the following for the nasopharynx:
A) anteriorly
B) inferiorly

A

Anteriorly - posterior nasal aperture or choanae
Inferiorly- pharyngeal isthmus (nasopharyngeal isthmus)

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12
Q

List the components of the Waldeyer’s ring.

A

Palatine
Tubular
Pharyngeal
Lingual tonsils.

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13
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx - epi
  • Oropharynx- meso
  • Laryngopharynx- hypo
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14
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of the maxillary sinus?

A

Most commonly infected sinus

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16
Q

What is the drainage pathway for the maxillary air sinus?

A

Drains into the posterior part of the hiatus semilunaris

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17
Q

What is the nerve supply to the nasal septum?

A

Olfactory zone and branches of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

What are the four pairs of paranasal air sinuses?

A
  • Frontal air sinuses
  • Ethmoidal air sinuses
  • Maxillary air sinuses
  • Sphenoidal air sinus
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19
Q

What functions do the paranasal air sinuses serve?

A
  • Make facial bones lighter
  • Add resonance to voice
  • Condition inspired air
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20
Q

What is the clinical condition associated with infection of the frontal air sinus?

A

Frontal lobe abscess or orbital cellulitis

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21
Q

State the avenues in which the oropharynx communicates with the following:
A) nasopharynx
B) oral cavity

A

A) pharyngeal isthmus
B) Oropharyngeal isthmus

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22
Q

What is the primary function of the olfactory nerves?

A

Convey sense of smell

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23
Q

What is the role of the Vidian nerve in the nasal cavity?

A

Supplies autonomic nerves

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24
Q

What is the location of the palatine tonsil?

A

Situated in the tonsillar fossa of the lateral wall of the oropharynx

The tonsillar fossa is bounded anteriorly by the palatoglossal fold and posteriorly by the palatopharyngeal fold.

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25
What forms the wall of the oropharynx?
All three constrictors ## Footnote The constrictors are the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors.
26
What type of cartilage are the thyroid, cricoid, and basal part of arytenoid cartilages composed of?
Hyaline cartilages ## Footnote These cartilages tend to ossify after 25 years of age.
27
Which cartilage of the larynx completely encircles the structure?
Cricoid cartilage
28
What type of cartilage are epiglottis, corniculate, cuniform, and apices of arytenoid cartilages composed of?
Elastic cartilage ## Footnote They do not ossify
29
What is the oil can of the larynx? Where is it located?
Saccule of the larynx. Located in the ventricle (sinus) of larynx. - middle structure.
30
State the lining of the mucosa of the rima glottis.
Lined by stratified squamous epithelium ## FOOTNOTE Lining of the vocal cords.
31
What are the two types of muscles in the larynx?
* Extrinsic muscles * Intrinsic muscles
32
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx responsible for? List the muscles for each category.
Elevating and depressing the larynx ## Footnote Elevators- ST. MGD Stylohyoid Thryohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric Depressors- SOS Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid
33
What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
* Arytenoid cartilage * Corniculate cartilage * Cuneiform cartilage
34
The cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints have what function in common?
Rotary and gliding movements
35
Which vessels pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?
Internal laryngeal nerves and superior laryngeal vessels
36
List the boundaries of the laryngeal inlet
Anterior- epiglottis Posterior - interarytenoid fold On both sides- aryepiglottic fold
37
What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
* Thyroid cartilage * Cricoid cartilage * Epiglottis
38
What is the action of the following is intrinsic muscles: A) vocalis B) Aryepiglotticus C) Thryoepiglotticus D) Tranverse arytenoid E) Oblique arytenoid F) Thyroarytenoid
A) relaxes the vocal cord B) closes laryngeal inlet C) widens/ opens laryngeal inlet D) closes rima glottis E) closed rima glottis F) relaxes vocal cord
39
According to Sermons law, lesions of the recurrent nerve would affect which muscle first?
Posterior crico- arytenoid muscle. ## FOOTNOTE Nerve supplying abductors are longer and has less thresh-hold.
40
What is the action of the vocalis muscle?
Relaxes the vocal cords
41
What is the primary function of the nose?
Respiration ## Footnote It also contains the peripheral organ of smell.
42
Give the blood supply of the larynx.
Vocal cord and above- superior laryngeal vessels Below vocal cord- inferior laryngeal vessels.
43
What are the primary functions of the nose?
* Respiration * Olfaction * Protection of lower respiratory passage * Conditioning the inspired air * Vocal resonance * Nasal reflex functions (e.g. Sneezing)
44
What condition results from hypertrophy of sebaceous glands on the nose?
Rhinophyma
45
What is Little's area?
A highly vascular area in the antero-inferior part of the nasal septum
46
What is the sensory nerve supply to the larynx above the vocal folds?
Internal laryngeal nerve
47
Which nerve supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
48
What is the exception to the motor supply of intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by the external laryngeal nerve
49
What is the blood supply of the larynx - vocal folds and above?
Superior laryngeal vessels
50
What is the clinical procedure used to examine the larynx?
Laryngoscopy
51
What is tracheostomy?
A reversible emergency operation done in cases of laryngeal obstruction
52
How many C-shaped cartilaginous rings does the trachea have?
16-20
53
What is the name of the last tracheal ring?
Carina
54
What is the mucous membrane of the trachea lined with?
Ciliated columnar epithelium
55
What is the length of the trachea?
4-6 inches
56
Where does the trachea begin?
At the lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6) and ends at T4. When burificates ends at T6
57
What are the boundaries of the rima glottidis?
* In front – angle of thyroid cartilage * Behind – interarytenoid folds of mucous membrane * On each side – vocal folds and vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
58
What supplies the external nose with blood?
* Dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery * Infra-orbital branch of maxillary artery * Alar and septal branches of facial artery
59
What are the nasal conchae? What is its development?
* Superior concha * Middle concha * Inferior concha
60
What is the purpose of cilia in the nasal cavity?
To filter, moisten, and humidify the air passing through the nasal cavity
61
What forms the upper limit of the vestibule on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Limen nasi ## Footnote The limen nasi acts as a boundary between the vestibule and the nasal cavity proper.
62
What forms the medial wall of the vestibule?
Columella ## Footnote The columella is the structure that separates the two nostrils.
63
What are the three parts/ bones of the roof of the nasal cavity proper?
* Anterior or fronto-nasal part * Intermediate or ethmoidal part * Posterior or sphenoidal part ## Footnote Each part has specific supporting structures and orientations.
64
State how the nasal cavity communicates with the following: A) exterior B) nasopharynx
A) naris or nostril B) posterior nasal aperture or choanae
65
What forms the bony part of the nasal septum?
* Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (postero-superior part) * Vomer (postero-inferior part) * Nasal spine of frontal bone * Crest formed by the nasal bones * Sphenoidal crest ## Footnote These components contribute to the structural integrity of the nasal septum.
66
What bones forms the floor of the nasal cavity proper?
the palatine processes of maxilla and the horizontal processes of the palatine bone.
67
What is the arterial blood supply of the external nose?
Dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery Infra- orbital branch of maxillary artery Alar and septal branch of facial artery.
68
Give the nerve supply of the external nose.
External/ dorsal nasal and infra-trochlear branch of ophthalmic nerve Infra- orbital branch of maxillary nerve.
69
List the muscles of the nose and give its function.
1. Procerus - presents wrinkles when frowning 2. Nasalis: - transverse/ compressor naris - compresses nasal aperture. - alar/ dilator naris - dilates nasal aperture. 3. Depressor septi - active during anger and dilates anterior nasal aperture. Note: All supplied by facial nerve.
70
List the bones that make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
NFL CIPM Nasal conchae Frontal process or maxillae Lacrimal bone Conchae and labyrinth of ethmoid Perpendicular plate of palatine Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid
71
List the structures found in the ethmoid and frontal bone (sinuses).
Ethmoid Supreme, superior and middle conchae Uncinate process Cribriform plate. Facial Sinus Nasal spine Squamous part
72
List the structures found in the sphenoid and palatine bone (sinuses).
Sphenoid Medial and lateral pterygoid process Sphenoidal sinus Pterygoid hamulus Palatine Perpendicular plate Horizontal plate Sphenoid process Posterior nasal sinus Orbital process
73
List the structures found in the maxillary bone (sinuses).
Frontal process Alveolar process Palatine Anterior nasal spine Incisive canal
74
Give the arterial supply of the **lateral wall** of nasal cavity.
Anterior- superior - anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries of the ophthalmic artery Anterior - inferior - alar branch of facial and terminal branch of greater palatine artery Posterior- superior - spheno- palatine branch of maxillary artery Posterior inferior - greater palatine branch of maxillary artery
75
Give the arterial supply of the nasal septum.
Anterior superior - anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries or ophthalmic artery Posterior inferior - spheno- palatine and greater palatine branch of maxillary artery
76
List the branches that form the vascular plexus, Kiesselbach’s plexus or Little’s area.
Anterior ethmoidal Sphenopalatine Greater palatine Labial superior artery
77
State the nerve supply of the nasal septum.
Anterior superior - anterior ethmoidal branch of ophthalmic nerve Anterior inferior - anterior superior nasal branch of maxillary artery Posterior superior - posterior superior branch of pterygopalatine ganglion Posterior inferior - nasopalatine branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
78
State the nerve supply of the nasal cavity.
Anterior superior - anterior ethmoidal branch of ophthalmic nerve Anterior inferior - anterior superior alveolar branch of maxillary nerve and nasal branch of infra orbital nerve. Posterior superior - posterior superior branch of pterygopalatine ganglion Posterior inferior - anterior (greater) palatine branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
79
State the lining of the mucosa of the paranasal air sinuses.
Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
80
List the structures that open into the following: A) inferior meatus B) superior meatus
A) nasolacrimal duct B) posterior ethmoidal air sinus
81
List the structures that are found in following located in the middle meatus: A) bulla ethmoidalis B) hiatus semilunaris
A) middle ethmoidal air sinus B) frontal air sinus Anterior ethmoid air sinus Maxillary air sinus
82
In which structure does the frontal air sinus drain into? What is its nerve supply?
Hiatus semilunaris Supra- orbital nerves
83
What is the blood supply of the trachea?
Inferior thyroid artery
84
List the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid

MDSC 2401- Respiration (9 decks)

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