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Endocrine Exam 1 > Physio: Hypothalamus and Pituitary > Flashcards

Physio: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Which neurosecretory neuron produced hormones going the posterior pituitary

A

magnocellular

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2
Q

Which neurosecretory neuron produced hormones going the anterior pituitary

A

parvocellular

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3
Q

Which hormones are produced by the magnocellular neurons

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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4
Q

which part of the pituitary gland does it go down to and how?

A

posterior pit.

ADH and Oxytocin (produced in the neurosecetory cells go down axon to axon endings

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5
Q

Where does ADH go and stimulate

A

kidney tubules

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6
Q

where does Oxytocin go and stimulate

A

smooth muscle of uterus

mammary glands

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7
Q

Which hormones are produced by the parvocellular neurons

A

Release and release-inhibiting hormones

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8
Q

The most important stimulation of ADH release is controlled by …

A

serum osmolarity

increase in osmolarity, increases ADH release

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9
Q

What other conditions increase ADH release

A

pain/nausea, hypoglycemia, nicotine/opiates

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10
Q

what substances decrease ADH release

A

ethanol, ANP

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11
Q

what does ADH do to the kidneys

A

increases water reabsorption

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12
Q

what does ADH do to the vasculature

A

increases vasoconstriction via Ca2+

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13
Q

what condition is associated with excess ADH release

A

SIADH

  • tumor production of AVP
  • reduced urine, hyponatremia
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14
Q

what condition is associated with decreased ADH release

A

Diabetes insipidus

  • central
  • nephrogenic
  • excessive thirst (water intake)
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15
Q

Review: central diabetes insip

A

Neurogenic - decreased hypothalamic release of ADH

underlying cause: trauma, inflammatory, cancer

Responds to desmopressin

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16
Q

Review: nephrogenic DI

A

decreased renal responsiveness

due to: congential, lithium, or hypokalemia

no response to desmopressin

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17
Q

what are the physical stimulations for the release of oxytocin

A

suckling of the teat
dilation of the cerix
ORGASM!

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18
Q

what are the physiological role of oxytocin

A
  1. contraction of myoepitheial cells of the breast –> ejection of breast milk
  2. contraction of uterus cells to induce labor –> up-reg of receptors (pos. feedback)
  3. regression of uterus after delivery
  4. increases ACTH release by CRH
  5. vasoconstriction
  6. stim prolactin release
  7. elevated during orgasm –> intensifies it
    - regulate ejaculation
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19
Q

name the three basophil adenohypophysis and what they secrete?

A

thyrotropes - TSH
corticotropes - ACTH
gonadotropes - FSH and LH

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20
Q

name the 2 acidophil adenohypophysis and what they secrete?

A

somatotropes - GH

lactotropes - prolactin

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21
Q

name the 4 stimulatory hypothalamic-releasing hormones (HRH)

A

CRH, TRH, GHRH, GnRH (LHRH)

22
Q

name the 2 inhibitory HRH

A

somatostatin, dopamine

23
Q

a peptide hormone that binds to a cAMP-dependent GPCR

24
Q

what increases ACTH release

A
  • phy and emotion stress
  • ADH/AVP.
  • sleep-wake cycle–> pulsatile changes peaking in the morning and falling during sleep
25
what decreases ACTH release
glucocorticoids
26
stimulates TSH release via a IP-3 dependent pathway
TRH
27
what increases TSH release
- cold temperature | - sleep-wake cycle--> pulsatile changes peaking in the morning and falling during sleep
28
what decreases TSH release
- somatostatin | - Thyroid hormone
29
what other hormonal release does TRH stimulate, what inhibits it
prolactin dopamine
30
peptide hormone that causes the secretion of LH and FSH via IP3 dependent pathway
GnRH
31
polypeptide hormone secreted by lactotropes
prolactin
32
TRUE or FALSE: during preggers, estrogen increases lactotropes and prolactin gene expression
TRUE
33
... and ... effect the release of GH through what pathway
GHRH...somatostatin | via cAMP-dependent pathway
34
what inhibits GH release
- high concentration of plasma GH | - high concentration of plasma IGF-1
35
What factors increase GH release
``` phy or emotional stress vigorous exercise decrease blood glucose low plasma free fatty acids age starvation/fasting protein deficiency Ghrelin increased arginine Hormones: estrogen, androgens, thyroid ```
36
what factors decrease GH release
obesity | increase in blood glucose
37
what pathway produces IGF-1
tyrosine kinase dependent pathway which is activated via the JAK2 receptor in liver
38
what does GH do
increases lypolysis, lean body mass (via protein syn), IGF-1 production decreases movement of glucose into cells
39
what does IGF-1 do
- increases protein syn in chondrocytes --> increases linear growth of bones - increases lean body mass - increases organ size
40
what is panhypopituitarism
- disease of hypothal or ant. - congential or destructive - trauma, ischemia - isolated GH or gonadotropin deficiency
41
hypopituitarism in children
Dwarfism: proportional reduction in size (dec GH) mental retardation: (dec TSH) lack of sexual devel: (dec FSH, LH)
42
hypopituitarism in adults
- hypothyroidism - depressed glucocorticoid production - loss of sexual fxn
43
Hyperpituitarism: excess GH
- gigantism | - acromegaly
44
what is gigantism
found in ADOLESCENCE - over activity in acidophils d/t adenoma - s/s: hyperglycemia and diabetes - may develop panhypopituitarism if tumor destrys gland
45
what is acromegaly
found in ADULT - acidophilic tumor after puberty - no incr in height BUT bones thicker (hands/feet) and soft tissue growth (nose, forehead, jaw, cartilage) - s/s: cardiac hypertrophy, visual impairemnt
46
Hyperpituitarism: excess GH
- gigantism | - acromegaly
47
what is gigantism
found in ADOLESCENCE - over activity in acidophils d/t adenoma - s/s: hyperglycemia and diabetes - may develop panhypopituitarism if tumor destrys gland
48
what is acromegaly
found in ADULT - acidophilic tumor after puberty - no incr in height BUT bones thicker (hands/feet) and soft tissue growth (nose, forehead, jaw, cartilage) - s/s: cardiac hypertrophy, visual impairemnt
49
most common pituitary tumor
prolactinomas due to excess prolactin
50
what can cause hyperprolactinemia
dopamine antagonist drug treatment
51
pituitary dwarfism- hyposecretion
- growth is severely impaired - metabolically normal - tendency for hypoglycemia and insulinopenia
52
what disorder is associated with GH insensitivity
Levi-Laron dwarfism - GH receptor defective - failure to generate IGF's

Endocrine Exam 1 (11 decks)

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