Physio: Adrenals

Question 1

CRH binds to which pathway

Answer 1

cAMP dependent pathway (Gs)

Question 2

What condition: hyponat, hyperkale, low glucose, low cortisol, low aldosterone, high ACTH

Answer 2

Addison Disease (aka primary chronic adrenal insuff)

Question 3

What arteries supply the adrenal gland

Answer 3

superior suprarenal artery - by the inf. phrenic artery

middle suprarenal artery - by the abdominal aorta

inferior suprarenal artery - renal artery

Question 4

what veins supply the adrenal gland

Answer 4

right suprarenal vein - drians into IVC

left suprarenal vein - drains into the left renal vein

Question 5

the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 5

zona glomerulosa
fasciculata
reticularia

Question 6

ACTH is why type of hormone and works via which pathway

Answer 6

peptide hormone

via the cAMP pathway

Question 7

what increases the release of aldosterone

Answer 7

plasma K
angio II

these are also the major stimulators of aldosterone release not ACTH

Question 8

what decreases the release of aldosterone

Answer 8

plasma Na

Question 9

What are the physiologic renal effects of aldosterone

Answer 9

increases K secretion , H secretion (hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis)

increases Na reabsorption (hypernatremia)

along with these you’ll also see hypervolemia bc wherever Na goes H2O follows

Question 10

cortisol metabolism

Answer 10

FUCK EVERYTHING CORTISOL DOES!!!!!

i dont want to write it all

Question 11

Androgens are the precursors for which hormones

Answer 11

testosterone and estradiol

Question 12

what are the physiological effects of androgen in males

Answer 12

Control aspects of male development and reproduction, physiology, bone growth (combines with testes androgens)

DHEA – male development and both sexes – pubic hair, auxiliary hair and sex drive

Question 13

what are the physiological effects of androgen in females

Answer 13

well, adrenal gland is the only source for androgens

• growth of axillary and pubic hair, libido
• post-menopausal women

Question 14

the adrenal medulla is under what control and what does it release

Answer 14

neuronal control

catecholamines (80%- Epi; 20%- NE)

Question 15

adrenal medulla is a modified what

Answer 15

sympathetic autonomic ganglia

Question 16

what does the adrenal medulla ellicit

Answer 16

sympathetic ressponses of ANS and also plays a hormal role

Question 17

soo what do catecholamines do to the liver in repsonse to hypoglycemia

Answer 17

stimulates:
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis

Question 18

soo what do catecholamines do to the skeletal muscles in repsonse to hypoglycemia

Answer 18

stimulates glycogenolysis

Question 19

soo what do catecholamines do to adipose tissue in repsonse to hypoglycemia

Answer 19

stimulates:
glycogenolysis
triglyceride lipolysis

Question 20

soo what do catecholamines do to the pancreatic islets in repsonse to hypoglycemia

Answer 20

Stimulates glucagon secretion by alpha cells

Inhibits insulin secretion by beta cells

Question 21

what does short term stress release

Answer 21

sympathetic neurotransmitters = Epi

Question 22

what does long term stress release

Answer 22

ACTH –> cortisol

Question 23

what are short term stress responses in the body

Answer 23

1. inc HR
2. inc BP
3. liver –> glycogen –> glucose –> goes into blood
4. dilation of bronicholes
5. dec digestive system activity and urine output
6. inc metablic rate

Question 24

what are long term stress responses in the body

Answer 24

mineralocorticoids:

1. retention of Na and H2O by kidneys
2. inc blood vol. and BP

glucocorticoids:
1. protein and fats converted to glucose/energy
2. inc blood glucose
3. suppression of immune system