Physio Exam 3 review Flashcards
When the blood glucose level rise, this stimulates the secretion of what hormone and what is its mechanism?
A. Glucagon; facilitates glucose entry into the cell
B. Insulin; facilitates glucose entry into the cell
C. Glucagon; downregulates GLUT in the cell membrane
D. Insulin; downregulates GLUT in the cell membrane
B. Insulin; facilitates glucose entry into the cell
What kind of receptor does insulin use?
Tyrosine kinase second messenger
*upregulates expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter
*GLUT4 inserts into cell membrane
*Extracellular glucose is taken up and used by cell
Within the first few hours of birth, a newborn is given an injection that helps them begin producing clotting factors.
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
A. Vitamin K
Part of the ____circulation is to carry bile salts from the gallbladder to the duodenum of the small intestine.
A. Renal
B. Gastric
C. Enterohepatic
D. Cholehepatic
C. Enterohepatic
What are the two main functions of the enterohepatic circulation?
*Deliver bile salts to duodenum for fat emulsification
*Transport nutrients from small intestine to liver
*Also transport toxins to detoxification
What two molecules must bind to myosin to initiate cross-bridge formation?
A. Actin and troponin
B. ATP and actin
C. Calcium and actin
D. Troponin and tropomyosin
B. ATP and actin
As part of normal cellular metabolism, our cells generate toxic byproducts such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen. These can damage DNA, lipids, and proteins. Collectively, these are called what?
A. Reactive oxygen species
B. Antioxidants
C. Electrons
D. Pollutants
A. Reactive oxygen species
When chyme leaves the stomach, it is highly acidic and could damage the small intestine. What mechanism do we have to counteract this?
A. Mucus
B. Bicarbonate
C. Bile salt
D. HCl
B. Bicarbonate
One mechanism employed during cases of traumatic blood volume loss is the Renin-Angiotensin system (RAAS). What does the aldosterone aspect of the system do?
A. K+ excretion in urine
B. Water retention
C. Cl- and Na+ retention
D. All the above
E. None of the above
D. All the above
Tyrosine-derived hormones target intracellular receptors to affect_____.
A. Regulate gene transcription
B. Change intracellular calcium concentration
C. Inhibit ribosomes from synthesizing proteins
D. Regulate mRNA translation
A. Regulate gene transcription
A knockout mouse has a mutation in its Enterokinase gene that renders it nonfunctional. What would be the result of this?
A. Decrease in the secretion of pancreatic enzymes
B. Decrease in the secretion of HCl by parietal cells
C. No activation of the trypsin enzyme
D. No activation of ECL cells to secrete histamine
C. No activation of the trypsin enzyme
*Pancreatic enzyme secretion is stimulated by presence of acidic chyme in the duodenum
*HCl secretion is stimulated by gastrin and histamine
*Secretion of histamine is stimulated by gastrin
What is the function of bile salts?
A. Digest disaccharides
B. Digest proteins
C. Digest lipids
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
*they function to emulsify lipids
