Physics Topics 4-5 Waves and Electromagnetism Flashcards
What does a wave transfer?
Energy
Describe an experiment to show that in water waves only the wave moves, not the water.
Put a rubber duck on a wave tank
The rubber duck would bob up and down but not move
What is the frequency of the waves?
The number of waves per second
What is the wavelength of a wave?
The distance between two peaks of a wave
The distance between two rarefactions/compressions
What is the amplitude of a wave?
Its height
What is the period of a wave?
The time taken for one wave to pass
What is the difference between a longitudinal and transverse wave?
Longitudinal oscillates (moves) parallel to energy transfer Transverse oscillates (moves) perpendicular to energy transfer Longitudinal has rarefactions and compressions
Give an example of a transverse wave?
Light and electromagnetic waves
Give an example of a longitudinal wave?
Sound
What is the equation that links wave speed, frequency and wavelength?
Wave speed = frequency x wavelength
What is the equation that links wave speed, distance and time?
Wave speed = distance ÷ time
Are all electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal?
Transverse
What is the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
300,000,000m/s
List the 7 types of electromagnetic wave in order
Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma
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List the 7 colours of the visible light spectrum
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
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Which type of electromagnetic wave has the highest frequency?
Gamma
Which type of electromagnetic wave has the highest wavelength?
Radio
Which type of electromagnetic wave has the lowest frequency?
Radio
Which type of electromagnetic wave has the lowest wavelength?
Gamma
What type of radiation does our eye detect?
Visible Light
Which type of electromagnetic wave is the most dangerous?
Gamma (highest frequency)
Describe the dangers of microwaves to humans?
Heats internal body cells
Describe the dangers of infrared to humans?
burns skins
Describe the dangers of ultraviolet waves to humans?
Damages skin cells causing cancer
Describe the dangers of x-rays and gamma rays to humans?
Mutates cells causing cancer
Describe a use of radio waves
Communications and satellites
Describe a use of microwaves
Heating food, communications and satellites
Describe a use of infrared
Communications, security systems, TV remotes
Describe a use of visible light
Photography and vision
Describe a use of ultraviolet waves
Security marking, fluorescent lighting, disinfecting water, detecting forged bank notes
Describe a use of x-rays
Medical imaging, airport security
Describe a use of gamma rays
Sterilising food and medical equipment, detection of cancer and cancer treatment