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GCSE Science Edexcel 2016 Onwards > Chemistry - States of Matter and Mixtures > Flashcards

Chemistry - States of Matter and Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid

A

Vibrate around a fixed position

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2
Q

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid

A

Move around each other randomly close together

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3
Q

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas

A

Move randomly far apart

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4
Q

What word describes the change of a solid into a liquid

A

melting

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5
Q

What word describes the change of a liquid to a gas

A

evaporation

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6
Q

What word describes the change of a gas into a liquid

A

condensation

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7
Q

What word describes the change of a liquid into a solid

A

freezing

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8
Q

What word describes the change of a solid into a gas

A

sublimation

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9
Q

Describe what happens to the stored energy of the particles when a solid changes to a liquid

A

stored energy increases (liquid has more energy than solid)

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10
Q

Describe what happens to the stored energy of the particles when a gas changes into a liquid

A

stored energy decreases (liquid has less energy than gas)

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11
Q

Chlorine has a boiling point of -34oC. Predict its state at room temperature

A

Gas (Room temperature (25oC, is higher than the boiling point)

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12
Q

Describe the difference between a pure and impure substance

A

pure substance is made of only one type of atom, has a uniform structure. Impure substance contains different types of atoms.

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13
Q

Describe the difference in the melting point of a pure and impure substance

A

A pure substance has a single sharp melting point. An impure substance melts over a range.

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14
Q

Explain how distillation separates a mixture of ethanol and water

A

Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water Ethanol evaporates first Then condenses in the condenser

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15
Q

State the four methods of separation

A

Distillation Filtration Crystallisation Chromatography

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16
Q

Which separation technique could be used to separate a mixture of sand and water

A

Filtration as sand particles can’t fit through the filter paper

17
Q

Which separation technique could be used to separate a mixture of coloured inks

A

Chromatography

18
Q

Which separation technique could be used to separate a mixture of water and ink

A

Distillation

19
Q

What is the mobile phase in chromatography

A

The solvent (water)

20
Q

What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography

A

paper

21
Q

Describe how to set up chromatography to separate the inks in a coloured pen

A

-Draw a line on a piece of chromatography in pencil -Put a dot of the pen on the pencil line -Suspend the paper in the chromatography tank so the paper just touches the water -Wait for the inks to separate -Calculate the Rf values

22
Q

What is the equation to calculate Rf value

A

Rf value = distance substance moved ÷ distance solvent moved

23
Q

What are the three stages of water treatment

A

Sedimentation, filtration, chlorination

24
Q

Describe sedimentation of water

A

Sand and grit are allowed to settle at the bottom of the tank

25
Q

Describe filtration of water

A

Insoluble solids are removed from the water

26
Q

Describe chlorination of water

A

Chlorine is added to the water to kill bacteria

27
Q

Explain how sea water is made potable using distillation

A

sea water is heated until it evaporates water condenses leaving salt behind

28
Q

Explain why distilled water must be used for analysis

A

Tap water contains dissolved salts which can give false results

29
Q

What conclusions can be made from this chromatogram

A
  • S contains six / 6 colourings
  • P contains five / 5 colourings

if neither of first 2 bullet points given allow 1 mark for S contains more colours than P or converse

• both S and P contain the same

five / 5 colourings

  • both contain W and Y
  • both sweets (may) cause hyperactivity

ignore unsafe

• neither contain X and Z

30
Q

Calculate the Rf value of W

A

3 ÷ 10 = 0.3

31
Q

Label parts A and B on the diagram

A

A - round bottomed flask

B - condenser

32
Q

Does this melting point graph show a pure or impure substance

A

Pure as it has a sharp melting point (horizontal line)

GCSE Science Edexcel 2016 Onwards (11 decks)

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