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NMAT > Physics- Review > Flashcards

Physics- Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for velocity in kinematics?

A

Velocity = distance/time (m/s)

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2
Q

What is the formula to calculate distance in kinematics?

A

Distance = velocity x time (m)

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3
Q

What is the formula to calculate time in kinematics?

A

Time = distance/velocity (s)

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4
Q

What does Newton’s Law of Gravitation state?

A

F = (Gm1m2) /r²

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5
Q

What factors determine the speed of a satellite moving in a stable orbit around a planet?

A

Orbital radius (r), mass of the planet, and gravitational constant (G)

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6
Q

How does a Galvanometer work?

A

It is an instrument used to detect electric current.

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7
Q

How does a Generator work?

A

A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

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8
Q

How does a Transformer work?

A

A transformer transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits.

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9
Q

How does a Rectifier work?

A

A rectifier converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

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10
Q

What happens to the velocity of two objects dropped at the same height and time?

A

They have the same velocity at halfway down.

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11
Q

What is the formulat to find the angle a string makes with the horizontal?

A

F = ma = mg

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12
Q

How do you calculate the angle a string makes with the horizontal?

A

Calculate the force in both directions, divide the horizontal force by the weight, subtract 90 degrees from the result to get the angle from the horizontal.

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13
Q

How do you calculate the efficiency of a pulley system?

A

Efficiency = (Work output / Work input) x 100

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14
Q

How do you determine the motion of weights in a pulley system with unequal weights?

A

The heavier weight will move half the distance of the lighter weight.

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15
Q

What is the relationship between kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) at the highest point of an object’s motion?

A

KE at the highest point becomes PE, and PE is maximum at the highest point.

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16
Q

How does Bernoulli’s principle relate fluid speed and pressure?

A

A1V1 = A2V2, as the fluid speed increases, pressure decreases.

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17
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Acceleration is the rate of change of an object’s velocity (a = v/t).

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18
Q

What is the specific heat formula?

A

Q = mcT, where Q is the heat energy, m is mass, c is specific heat, and T is change in temperature.

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19
Q

How is heat transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation?

A

Conduction is via molecular collisions, convection by motion in liquids and gases, and radiation by electromagnetic waves.

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20
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

A

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 J/g°C.

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21
Q

How do you convert between calories and joules?

A

1 cal = 4.19 Joules.

22
Q

What is power in terms of energy and time?

A

Power = Work/Time, measured in Watts.

23
Q

How do you calculate time if you know power and work?

A

Time = Work / Power

24
Q

What is the ideal gas law equation?

A

PV = nRT

25
Q

What happens when a glass flask with water is heated and then cooled?

A

The condensation of steam reduces the pressure inside, leading to boiling again when cold water is poured over the flask.

26
Q

How do you calculate heat energy (Q) using specific heat?

A

Q = mcT, and convert to calories by dividing by 4.19.

27
Q

What is the immediate source of water for dew formation?

A

The air.

28
Q

What does specific heat tell you about a material?

A

The higher the specific heat, the more heat is needed to raise its temperature by one degree.

29
Q

What are the units for density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity?

A

Density = mass/volume, Specific Heat = J/g°C, Thermal Conductivity = Watts/m°C.

30
Q

How is electric energy generated in hydroelectric plants?

A

Electric energy is generated by using the power of a waterfall.

31
Q

What is the equation for power in electrical circuits?

A

Power (P) = IV = V²/R = I²R.

32
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

Ohm’s Law states that V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

33
Q

What is capacitance?

A

Capacitance is the ability to store charge per unit voltage, calculated as Q/V.

34
Q

How do you calculate the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

In a series circuit, total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

35
Q

How do you calculate the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

In a parallel circuit, 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2.

36
Q

What is the role of dielectric materials in electric fields?

A

Dielectrics polarize in the presence of an electric field, reducing the field strength.

37
Q

What happens when an object is placed between the focal point and a lens?

A

No image will be projected on the screen.

38
Q

Why does a lemon appear yellow?

A

It reflects only yellow light.

39
Q

What causes a rainbow in the sky?

A

Raindrops act as prisms, separating sunlight into its components.

40
Q

What are the types of waves used in communication?

A

Radiowaves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light (ROYGBIV), Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays.

41
Q

What happens when waves are refracted?

A

The speed of the waves changes.

42
Q

How can you reflect sunlight using a concave mirror?

A

Place the object at the focal point to get the greatest reflection.

43
Q

What particles are emitted during radioactive decay?

A

Alpha: 4²He, Beta-minus: 0⁻¹e, Beta-plus: 0⁺¹e.

44
Q

What happens during the fission of U235?

A

When U235 splits, two smaller atoms are formed, and energy is released, with neutrons being emitted.

45
Q

What is the relationship between energy and mass according to E = mc²?

A

Energy can be obtained from small amounts of mass.

46
Q

Why do electrons move towards the positive?

A

Electrons are negatively charged, so they are attracted to the positive charge.

47
Q

What are isotopes and their role in radiation?

A

Isotopes are variants of elements with different numbers of neutrons, some are radioactive and decay by emitting particles.

48
Q

What is the difference between protons and electrons?

A

Protons are positively charged and located in the nucleus, while electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus.

49
Q

What happens when Krypton-85’s radiation decreases over time?

A

After 18 years, it decreases to 1/3, and after another 18 years, it becomes 1/9 of the original intensity.

50
Q

What happens in a U235 fission reaction?

A

Two neutrons are released, and energy is generated in the process.

NMAT (7 decks)

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