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NMAT > CHEMREVIEW UP to 12 > Flashcards

CHEMREVIEW UP to 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process.

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2
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A liquid or gel which contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis.

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3
Q

What is an oxidant?

A

A substance that causes a gain of electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.

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4
Q

What is a reductant?

A

A substance that causes a loss of electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction.

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5
Q

What does it mean to be reduced?

A

To gain electrons.

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6
Q

What does it mean to be oxidized?

A

To lose electrons.

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7
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A substance that undergoes a distinct observable change when conditions in its solution change.

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8
Q

What is the charge of Alkali metals (IA)?

A

+1 charge

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9
Q

What is the charge of Alkali earth metals (IIA)?

A

+2 charge

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10
Q

What is the charge of Semi metal and basic metals (IIIA)?

A

+3 charge

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11
Q

What is the charge of Non metals, semi metals, basic metals (IVA)?

A

+/-4 charge

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12
Q

What is the charge of Non metals, semi metals, basic metals (VA)?

A

+3 charge

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13
Q

What is the charge of Chalcogens (VIA)?

A

-2 charge

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14
Q

What is the charge of Halogens (VIIA)?

A

-1 charge

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15
Q

What is the charge of Noble gases (VIIIA)?

A

0 charge

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16
Q

What happens to ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity as you move from left to right in the periodic table?

A

They increase.

17
Q

What happens to ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity as you move from bottom to top in the periodic table?

A

They increase.

18
Q

What happens to atomic radius as you move from left to right in the periodic table?

A

It decreases.

19
Q

What happens to atomic radius as you move from bottom to top in the periodic table?

A

It decreases.

20
Q

Which element has the lowest ionization potential in Group 2?

A

Ra (Radium)

21
Q

Which element is bigger: Ca (Calcium) or Mg (Magnesium)?

A

Ca (Calcium)

22
Q

What is the most active metal in Group 2?

A

NOT Be (Beryllium)

23
Q

What is an unsaturated solution?

A

A solution in which the solute concentration is lower than its equilibrium solubility.

24
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

The point of maximum concentration, where no more solute may be dissolved in a solvent.

25
Q

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

A liquid that has a substance added until no more of the substance can be absorbed by the liquid.

26
Q

What is a diluted solution?

A

A solution containing a relatively small amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent.

27
Q

What is the formula for the Ideal Gas Law?

A

PV = nRT

28
Q

How do you find the volume inside a balloon?

A

Figure out the volume for each given temperature, then subtract them.

29
Q

What is Normality?

A

Normality = molarity x total positive oxidation number.

30
Q

What is Molarity?

A

Molarity = normality / total positive oxidation number.

31
Q

What is the relationship between bonding and electronegativity?

A

Ionic bonding occurs for compounds with the greatest electronegativity difference.

32
Q

What is the main function of fats in the body?

A

Source of energy during prolonged hunger and insulates the body against heat loss.

33
Q

What is Molarity?

A

Molarity = mol/L

34
Q

What is Normality?

A

Normality = # of gram equivalent weights of solute / liter of solution.

35
Q

What is Molality?

A

Molality = # of mol of solute / liter of solution.

36
Q

What is Mole fraction?

A

Mole fraction = # of mol of compound / total # moles in system.

37
Q

What is Percent composition by mass?

A

Percent composition by mass = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100.

38
Q

Which bond is the strongest?

A

Covalent bond (e.g., CH4).

39
Q

Which bond is the weakest?

A

London dispersion forces.

NMAT (7 decks)

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