CHEMREVIEW UP to 12 Flashcards
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process.
What is an electrolyte?
A liquid or gel which contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis.
What is an oxidant?
A substance that causes a gain of electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.
What is a reductant?
A substance that causes a loss of electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction.
What does it mean to be reduced?
To gain electrons.
What does it mean to be oxidized?
To lose electrons.
What is an indicator?
A substance that undergoes a distinct observable change when conditions in its solution change.
What is the charge of Alkali metals (IA)?
+1 charge
What is the charge of Alkali earth metals (IIA)?
+2 charge
What is the charge of Semi metal and basic metals (IIIA)?
+3 charge
What is the charge of Non metals, semi metals, basic metals (IVA)?
+/-4 charge
What is the charge of Non metals, semi metals, basic metals (VA)?
+3 charge
What is the charge of Chalcogens (VIA)?
-2 charge
What is the charge of Halogens (VIIA)?
-1 charge
What is the charge of Noble gases (VIIIA)?
0 charge
What happens to ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity as you move from left to right in the periodic table?
They increase.
What happens to ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity as you move from bottom to top in the periodic table?
They increase.
What happens to atomic radius as you move from left to right in the periodic table?
It decreases.
What happens to atomic radius as you move from bottom to top in the periodic table?
It decreases.
Which element has the lowest ionization potential in Group 2?
Ra (Radium)
Which element is bigger: Ca (Calcium) or Mg (Magnesium)?
Ca (Calcium)
What is the most active metal in Group 2?
NOT Be (Beryllium)
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution in which the solute concentration is lower than its equilibrium solubility.
What is a saturated solution?
The point of maximum concentration, where no more solute may be dissolved in a solvent.
What is a supersaturated solution?
A liquid that has a substance added until no more of the substance can be absorbed by the liquid.
What is a diluted solution?
A solution containing a relatively small amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent.
What is the formula for the Ideal Gas Law?
PV = nRT
How do you find the volume inside a balloon?
Figure out the volume for each given temperature, then subtract them.
What is Normality?
Normality = molarity x total positive oxidation number.
What is Molarity?
Molarity = normality / total positive oxidation number.
What is the relationship between bonding and electronegativity?
Ionic bonding occurs for compounds with the greatest electronegativity difference.
What is the main function of fats in the body?
Source of energy during prolonged hunger and insulates the body against heat loss.
What is Molarity?
Molarity = mol/L
What is Normality?
Normality = # of gram equivalent weights of solute / liter of solution.
What is Molality?
Molality = # of mol of solute / liter of solution.
What is Mole fraction?
Mole fraction = # of mol of compound / total # moles in system.
What is Percent composition by mass?
Percent composition by mass = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100.
Which bond is the strongest?
Covalent bond (e.g., CH4).
Which bond is the weakest?
London dispersion forces.
