Physics Examples Flashcards
squeezing the ambu bag
Boyle’s
the inflatable cuff of a LMA expands when placed into an autoclave for sterilization
Charles
the lower the atmospheric pressure, the lower the boiling point
Gay Lussac
tucked arm in surgery damaging radial nerve
Force
peak inspiratory pressure not over 20
Pressure
nitrous oxide in a cylinder
avogadro’s hypothesis
what applies to air and oxygen, not nitrous oxide
universal gas law
Pressure is ________ proportional to moles (n)
directly
if the pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles in a cylinder and thus the amount of gas in the cylinder, the pressure gauge acts as a contents gauge if the cylinder contains a gas
universal gas law
energy required to convert 1 kg of a substance from one phase to another at a given temperature (J/kg). can be applied to multiple concepts – changing of phases
specific latent heat
when a N2O cylinder is allowed to empty rapidly, the cylinder becomes very cold and water vapor from the surrounding air freezes onto the cylinder (Joule-Thompson effect).
Additional example: the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine; when volatile inhalation agents change from liquid to vapor, it requires heat, causing the remaining liquid and the walls of the vaporizers to cool (lose heat).
latent heat of vaporization
what are 3 ways to prevent burns for patient with laser
- Wrap ETT with LASER retardant material/tape- if not, laser will burn the tube
- Decrease oxidizing gas- decrease/dilute out oxygen to 30% with AIR
- Cover patient with water which absorbs LASER energy
what is airway papilloma/debris
LASER
nonionizing
0.1 to 0.8 um
Intact DNA of HPV and HIV proviral DNA found in plume
neuromuscular blocker versus propofol
solubility
Increase FiO2 to increase PaO2
henrys law
Overpressurizing with Sevoflurane at 8% to get to alveolar concentration of 2%
henrys law
ficks law
Breathing air under pressure as scuba diver causes more nitrogen into solution in tissues
henrys law
what is the most potent gas
halothane
what is the least potent gas
nitrous
Surfactant ________ surface tension
decreases
flow through different sized IV catheters or ETTs, flow out of syringes with different sized needles, mucous in ETT
Hagen-Poiseuille
resistance
Triple point temp
0 degrees C
273.15 K
water, ice, and water vapor are all in equilibrium
what is the universal gas law**
as oxygen goes down, volume goes down
If the pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles in a cylinder and thus the amount of gas in the cylinder, the pressure gauge acts as a contents gauge if the cylinder contains a gas
Pv=nRT
Heat required to change liquid into vapor/gas**
Latent Heat of Vaporization
when a N2O cylinder is allowed to empty rapidly, the cylinder becomes very cold and the water vapor from the surrounding air freezes on the cylinder (Joule-Thompson effect)
what defines turbulent flow**
o Critical velocity is reached
o Direction is changed
o Diameter is abruptly changed
o Flow is obstructed
