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Final > Physics & equipment > Flashcards

Physics & equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Accuracy

A

The ability of a measurement device to match the actual value being measured

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2
Q

Precision

A

The reproducibility of repeated measurements and a measure of their likely spread

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3
Q

Drift

A

A fixed deviation from the true value at all points in the measured range
Drift can be corrected by zeroing

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4
Q

Hysteresis

A

Measurement varies depending on whether or not the input variable is increasing or decreasing

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5
Q

Non-linearity

A

Absence of a true linear relationship between input value and measured value

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6
Q

Calibration

A

Checks for linearity by measuring 2 or more points and ascribing a relationship between them
The more points on the line, the more one can be certain of a linear relationship

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7
Q

The 7 Base SI Units

A

Second (Time)
Mole (Amount)
Meter (Distance)
Ampere (Current)
Candela (Luminosity)
Kelvin (Temperature)
Kilogram (Mass)

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8
Q

Define second

A

The duration of a given number of oscillations of the caesium-133 atom

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9
Q

Define metre

A

A metre is the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of a fraction of a second

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10
Q

Define mole

A

The amount of substance which contains as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12

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11
Q

Define Ampere

A

The current in two parallel infinitely long conductors placed 1 metre apart in a vacuum such that the force between them is 2 x 10-7N.m-1

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12
Q

Define candela

A

The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×10^12 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

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13
Q

Define kilogram

A

The units for mass. Defined as the mass of the international prototype Kg held in France, Sèvres - changed now takes planck constant

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14
Q

Define Kelvin

A

1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water

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15
Q

Newton

A

A derived SI unit describing force. Its units are Kg.m.s-2

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16
Q

Pressure

A

A derived SI unit that describes force applied over a given area, such that it has the units N.m-2 or Pa.

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17
Q

mmHg

A

An imperial measure of pressure described by the change in height of a column of mercury by a driving pressure, such that 760mmHg=101KPa

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18
Q

Pascal

A

A derived SI unit of pressure such that atmospheric pressure is given as 101KPa

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19
Q

Joule

A

A derived SI unit of energy such that 1 joule = Nm = Kg.m2.s-2

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20
Q

Volt

A

A derived SI unit of electrical potential. One volt is defined as the difference in electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points.

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21
Q

Watt

A

A measure of power
The amount of energy used per unit time
It’s units are J/s = Kg.m2.s-3

22
Q

Ohm

A

The ohm is defined as a resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of 1.0 volt, applied to these points, produces in the conductor a current of 1.0 ampere, the conductor not being the seat of any electromotive force.

23
Q

Hertz

A

A measure of frequency. The number of oscillations in 1 second such that its units are s-1

24
Q

Coulomb

A

A derived SI unit. It is the measure of charge, an intrinsic property of matter. 1 coulomb is defined as 1A.s and is also the charge carried by 6.24x10^18 electrons.

25
Q

Kinetic energy

A

E=½mv2. The mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion

26
Q

Potential energy

A

The mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy.
E=mgh

27
Q

Force

A

A physical quantity that describes an interaction that can change the velocity of a mass such that F=ma
Units: Newton

28
Q

Momentum

A

A derived SI physical quantity defined as the product of a body’s mass and velocity with units Kg.m.s^-1

29
Q

A hydrogen ion

A

A proton

30
Q

pH

A

The negative log to base 10 of the concentration of hydrogen ions

31
Q

Critical temperature

A

The temperature of an ideal gas above which no matter how much pressure is applied cannot be forced into its liquid state

32
Q

Critical pressure

A

The pressure required to convert an ideal gas into its liquid state at its critical temperature

33
Q

Filling Ratio

A

The ratio of the weight of a cylinder when partially filled with a liquid and it’s vapour (most commonly nitrous oxide) to the weight of the cylinder when completely filled with water

34
Q

Weber

A

The derived SI unit of magnetic flux. It carries the base units kg.m2.s-2.A-1

35
Q

Tesla

A

The derived SI unit of magnetic flux density. It carries the units Wb.m-2

36
Q

Gauss

A

A deprecated unit of magnetic flux
1 Tesla = 105Gauss

37
Q

Describe 1 ATM in other units

A

1 ATM = 1.013 bar = 14 PSI = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg = 1033 cmH₂O

38
Q

What is a LASER?

A

Laser stands for: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Lasers produce a coherent, collimated and monochromatic beam of light

39
Q

What are the wavelengths, colour and tissue penetration for Argon, CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers?

A

Argon: 488-515nm, blue-green, 2mm
CO₂: 10600nm, far IR, 1mm
Nd:YAG: 532nm, green, 3-5mm

40
Q

What is the hagen-poiseuille equation?

A

Equation to describe laminar flow

41
Q

When is turbulent flow predicted?

A

Reynolds > 2000

42
Q

What is the critical temperature of oxygen?

A

-119°C

43
Q

What pressure is generated in VIEs if no oxygen is drawn off?

A

Approx 700-1000 kPa. The SVP of oxygen at this temperature.

44
Q

The minimum number of theatre air changes per hour

A

20/hour

45
Q

At what temperature is a VIE maintained?

A

-160 degrees

46
Q

How much O₂ and N₂O can a size E cylinder contain?

A

O₂ - 680L
N₂O - 1800L

47
Q

What is a Bodok seal?

A

A bonded disk seal - prevents gas leakage at cylinder connection sites

48
Q

At what pressure does the O₂ failure alarm activate?

A

When supply pressure drops <2 bar - at this point, an air entrainment valve is also opened to prevent a hypoxic mix

49
Q

How much O2 does the oxygen flush deliver?

A

35-75 L/min directly from upstream to the vaporisers
Depending on how much flow is diverted through the flowmeters

50
Q

What is the accuracy of a flowmeter?

A

+/- 2.5%

51
Q

What are the pin indexes for O₂, N₂O, Air and CO₂?

A

Air 1, 5 (1 syllable)
O₂ 2, 5 (2 atoms)
N₂O 3, 5 (3 atoms)
CO₂ 1, 6

Final (21 decks)

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