Physics #8

Question 1

arrange the 7 components of the electrochemical spectrum from least to most energy

Answer 1

radio > microwave > infrared > visible > ultraviolet > X rays > gamma rays

Question 2

can electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

explain how electric and magnetic field vectors and the direction of propagation of the wave relate to each other

Answer 3

they are all perpendicular

Question 4

what is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

Answer 4

400-700 nm

Question 5

how many meters is a micrometer?

Answer 5

10^-6 meters is 1 micrometer

Question 6

how many meters is an angstrom?

Answer 6

1 angstrom is 10^-10 meters

Question 7

in a vacuum, what is the speed of all electromagnetic waves?

Answer 7

speed of light

Question 8

what is the value for the speed of light in vacuum and air?

Answer 8

3x10^8 m/s

Question 9

light that contains all of the colors in equal intensity is perceived as ____

Answer 9

white

Question 10

blackbody

Answer 10

an ideal absorber of all wavelengths of light, which would appear completely black if it were lower temperature than its surroundings

Question 11

light waves are _____ because the direction of propagation is perpendicular to the direction of oscillation

Answer 11

transverse

Question 12

rectilinear propagation

Answer 12

when light travels through a homogenous medium, it travels in a straight line

Question 13

reflection

Answer 13

the rebounding of incident light waves at the boundary of a medium

Question 14

law of reflection

Answer 14

angle with normal is angle with normal that it bounces back at

Question 15

all angles in optics are measured from the _____, not the surface of the medium

Answer 15

normal

Question 16

compare real and virtual images

Answer 16

real: the light actually converges at the position of the image
virtual: the light only appears to be coming from the position of the image but does not actually converge there

Question 17

plane mirrors always create ____ images

Answer 17

virtual

Question 18

plane mirrors are spherical mirrors with an ______ radius of curvature

Answer 18

infinite

Question 19

the center of curvature is ______

Answer 19

a point on the optical axis located at a distance equal to the radius of curvature from the vertex of the mirror
center of mirror if the mirror were a complete sphere

Question 20

are concave mirrors converging or diverging

Answer 20

converging

Question 21

relate focal length and radius of curvature for all spherical mirrors

Answer 21

f = r/2

Question 22

relate image distance, object distance, focal length, and radius of curvature

Answer 22

1/f = 1/i +1/o = 2/r

Question 23

if i>0, the image is ____

Answer 23

real (in front of mirror)

Question 24

if i<0, the image is ____

Answer 24

virtual (behind mirror)

Question 25

a negative magnification means an ____ image

Answer 25

inverted

Question 26

a positive magnification means an ____ image

Answer 26

upright

Question 27

if the absolute value of magnification is <1, then _____

Answer 27

image is reduced

Question 28

if the absolute value of magnification is >1, then _____

Answer 28

image is enlarged

Question 29

3 important ray diagram lines for concave mirror

Answer 29

parallel to normal axis, through focal point before mirror, a ray that strikes the mirror at the point of intersection with the axis

Question 30

for a concave mirror at which the object is at the focal length, what is the value of the image?

Answer 30

infinity

Question 31

a single diverging mirror forms only ____, ____, and _____ images

Answer 31

virtual, upright, reduced

Question 32

for ray diagrams, the image forms ____

Answer 32

where the lines meet up

Question 33

the focal length of converging mirrors and lenses will always be ____ and the focal length of diverging mirrors and lenses will always be _____

Answer 33

positive | negative

Question 34

for all image types of single lens or mirror, all upright images are _____, ____ image is formed when the object is a focal length away, ____ images are always real ASSUMING o IS POSITIVE

Answer 34

virtual no inverted

Question 35

when can UV NO IR be used?

Answer 35

when o is positive

Question 36

refraction

Answer 36

the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another and changes speed

Question 37

the speed of light through any medium is always _____ than its speed through a vacuum

Answer 37

less

Question 38

when light enters a medium with a higher index of refraction, it bends _____

Answer 38

toward the normal

Question 39

how do you solve for the critical angle and what is it

Answer 39

it is the incident angle that results in refraction along the interface of the two medias to solve for it, theta2 should be 90 degrees in snell's law

Question 40

total internal reflection

Answer 40

phenomenon in which all the light incident on a boundary is reflected back into the original material. results with any angle of incidence greater than the critical angle

Question 41

at what angles do we witness total internal reflection

Answer 41

when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle

Question 42

total internal reflection occurs as the light moves from a medium with a ____ refractive index to a medium with a _____ one

Answer 42

higher to lower

Question 43

people who are farsighted need ____ lenses

Answer 43

converging (convex)

Question 44

people who are nearsighted need ____ lenses

Answer 44

diverging (concave)

Question 45

when is the lensmaker's equation used?

Answer 45

for lenses with a thickness that cannot be neglected.

Question 46

how is the eye a real lens?

Answer 46

the cornea is the first source of refractive power

Question 47

important rays for lens to see where image is

Answer 47

ray to center of lens, straight thru ray toward focal point or thru focal point before lens, refracts straight ray parallel to axis, refracts through focal point of front face

Question 48

what units is the power of a lens measured in?

Answer 48

diopters

Question 49

what are the units of f in the power equation for lenses?

Answer 49

meters

Question 50

how can people who are nearsighted see far objects?

Answer 50

clearly

Question 51

what type of lenses do people who are nearsighted need?

Answer 51

diverging

Question 52

what is the fancy term for farsighteness

Answer 52

hyperopia

Question 53

what is the fancy term for nearsightedness

Answer 53

myopia

Question 54

what type of lens is the cornea of the eye

Answer 54

converging lens

Question 55

for lenses not in contact, the ____ of one lens becomes the _____ of another lens

Answer 55

the image of one lens becomes the object for another lens

Question 56

spherical aberration

Answer 56

the blurring of the periphery of an image as a result of inadequate reflection of parallel beams at the edge of a mirror or inadequate refraction of parallel beams at the edge of a lens

Question 57

the speed of light in a vacuum is ____ for all wavelengths

Answer 57

the same

Question 58

when various wavelengths of light separate from each other it is called _____

Answer 58

dispersion

Question 59

when light enters a medium with a different index of refraction, what changes and what stays the same?

Answer 59

wavelength changes but frequency stays the same

Question 60

light with _____ wavelengths are bent to a greater extent in refraction

Answer 60

smaller

Question 61

chromatic aberration

Answer 61

a dispersive effect within a spherical lens. Depending on the thickness and curvature of the lens, there may be significant splitting of white light, which results in a rainbow halo around images

Question 62

aberration is the _____ of an image due to an imperfection in the optical system

Answer 62

distortion

Question 63

diffraction

Answer 63

the spreading out of light as it passes through a narrow opening or around an obstacle

Question 64

____ and _____ are significant evidence for the wave theory of light

Answer 64

diffraction and interference

Question 65

what happens to light as the slit is narrowed in a single slit system?

Answer 65

it spreads out more

Question 66

difference between the equations for slit-lens and double slit scenarios

Answer 66

see notes

Question 67

for both the slit-lens and double slit scenarios, the 0th fringe (middle) is the ____

Answer 67

brightest

Question 68

for very small angles, what is sin(theta) equal to?

Answer 68

tan(theta)

Question 69

plane polarized light

Answer 69

light in which the electric fields of all the waves are oriented in the same direction (electric field vectors are parallel)

Question 70

specific rotation

Answer 70

the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of plane polarized light due to the presence of chiral centers

Question 71

what orientation of light gets through a polarizer?

Answer 71

the portion of the light parallel to the polarizer

Question 72

discuss the direction and amplitude of circularly polarized light

Answer 72

uniform amplitude but a continuously changing direction

Question 73

what characteristics of light does a polarizer effect?

Answer 73

the amount of light that gets through and the intensity | no effect on frequency, speed, or wavelength

Question 74

what does sin(45 degrees) =

Answer 74

0.71

Question 75

does wavelength or frequency of light change going from one medium to another (refracted)?

Answer 75

wavelength: yes frequency: no

Question 76

what happens when the slit becomes smaller for single slit and lens slit scenarios

Answer 76

single slit: light waves spread out | slit lens: central bright fringe becomes wider

Question 77

can diffraction grating split colors into their respective wavelengths?

Answer 77

yes