Physics #3

Question 1

the zeroth law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

2 objects in thermal equilibrium will not participate in heat exchange.

Also, if a=b and b=c then a=c.

Question 2

at the molecular level, temperature if proportional to the _______

Answer 2

average kinetic energy of the particles that make up the substance.

Question 3

thermal equilibrium occurs when ____ heat is transferred between two objects in thermal contact

Answer 3

no

Question 4

the third law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

the entropy of a perfectly organized crystal at absolute zero is 0.

Question 5

how does a material’s linear expansion coefficient compare to its volumetric expansion coefficient?

Answer 5

Beta = 3xalpha

Question 6

is there a maximum distance at which thermal contact does not exist?

Answer 6

no, thermal contact will always exist no matter how far apart two objects are. It might just be very very miniscule at large distances.

Question 7

compare the length change of 2 objects that differ starting lengths but increase temperature the same

Answer 7

the object that was longer to start will undergo a greater change in length (formula)

Question 8

accuracy is related to an ____, not a scale

Answer 8

instrument

Question 9

isolated system

Answer 9

cannot exchange energy or matter with the surroundings

Question 10

in an isolated system, internal energy change = ___

Answer 10

0

Question 11

____ are thermodynamic properties that are a function of only the current equilibrium state of a system, while ____ describe the path taken to get from one state to another

Answer 11

state functions

process functions

Question 12

list the state functions

Answer 12

pressure, volume, density, temperature, enthalpy, internal energy, gibbs free energy, entropy

Question 13

list the process functions

Answer 13

heat and work

Question 14

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 14

internal energy conserved

mechanical energy conserved when no nonconservative forces present

Question 15

what can lead to an increase in the internal energy of a system

Answer 15

increase in heat or work done on the system.

Question 16

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 16

objects in thermal contact and not in thermal equilibrium will exchange heat energy such that the object with the higher temperature will give off heat energy to the object with a lower temperature until both objects have the same temperature at thermal equilibrium

energy is spontaneously dispersed from being localized to becoming spread out of it is not hindered from doing so.

the energy of the universe is increasing

Question 17

what is heat?

Answer 17

the process by which a quantity of energy is transferred between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature.

Question 18

describe conduction

Answer 18

need direct physical contact: kinetic energy is transferred from particles of the hotter matter to particles of the cooler matter

Question 19

describe convection

Answer 19

the transfer of heat by the physical motion of a fluid over a material

Question 20

describe radiation

Answer 20

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Question 21

only ____ and _____ can transfer heat by convection

Answer 21

liquids and gases

Question 22

which type of heat transfer does not need matter to transfer heat?

Answer 22

radiation

Question 23

define the specific heat of a substance

Answer 23

defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 g of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Question 24

will the temperature of a substance start to increase before all of the solid is changed to liquid?

Answer 24

no, all solid must be changed to liquid before the substance will begin to rise in temperature.

Question 25

phase changes are related to changes in ______ not kinetic energy

Answer 25

potential energy

Question 26

liquid water and ice have the _______ kinetic energy at the same temperature

Answer 26

same

Question 27

solid to liquid

Answer 27

melting/fusion

Question 28

liquid to gas

Answer 28

vaporization/evaporation/boiling

Question 29

what is another word for melting

Answer 29

fusion

Question 30

gas to liquid

Answer 30

condensation

Question 31

liquid to solud

Answer 31

freezing or solidification

Question 32

solid to gas

Answer 32

sublimation

Question 33

gas to solid

Answer 33

deposition

Question 34

what is the name of the heat of transformation for solid to liquid/liquid to solid

Answer 34

heat of fusion

Question 35

what is the name of the heat of transformation for liquid to gas or gas to liquid

Answer 35

heat of vaporization

Question 36

the heat of fusion represents how much heat is require to _____

Answer 36

completely melt a substance of some mass.

Question 37

for a closed loop process, how do you calculate the work done

Answer 37

work is a process function so it is path dependent so you can look at each step.
overall, you will simply take the area within the curve of a pressure-volume graph.

Question 38

entropy

Answer 38

the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature

Question 39

what are the units for entropy

Answer 39

J/(mol)(K)

Question 40

calorimeters are attempts at ____ systems

Answer 40

isolated

Question 41

1 degree celsius is equal to _____ degrees Farenheit

Answer 41

1.8

Question 42

1 degree celsius is equal to _____ degrees Farenheit

Answer 42

1.8

Question 43

when calculating the work from a pressure volume graph loop, a loop in the clockwise direction does _____ work on the environment

Answer 43

positive

Question 44

_____ are our best approximations of isolated systems

Answer 44

calorimeters

Question 45

convection requires ____ of a fluid

Answer 45

flow

Question 46

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the overall entropy change of a system ______ in a thermodynamic process that moves from one equilibrium state to another

Answer 46

can never be negative