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MCAT Physics > Physics #4 > Flashcards

Physics #4 Flashcards

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1
Q

the ratio of mass to volume is ____

A

density

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2
Q

1 cubic cm = ____ mL

A

1

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3
Q

1 cubic m = ______ L

A

1000

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4
Q

what is the density of water

A

1 g/cm^3 OR 1000 kg/m^3

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5
Q

1 Pascal = ____

A

1 N/m^2

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6
Q

is pressure a vector or a scalar?

A

it is a scalar because it is equal throughout the container of the fluid.

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7
Q

at higher altitude is there more or less atmospheric pressure?

A

less

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8
Q

what is a synonym for absolute pressure?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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9
Q

what is absolute pressure?

A

the total pressure that is exerted on an object that is submerged in a fluid.

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10
Q

____ is the study of fluids at rest and the forces and pressures associated with standing fluids

A

hydrostatics

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11
Q

how does a body of water react to high pressure or low pressure system above it

A

high pressure system: valley in body of water

low pressure: mountain in body of water

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12
Q

Pascal’s principle of hydrostatics, or Pascal’s law, states that ____

A

the pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible liquid is equally transmitted throughout the fluid.

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13
Q

In Pascal’s principle, the larger the area the _____ the force over the _____ distance

A

larger

smaller

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14
Q

Archimede’s principle

A

a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will be buoyed upwards by a force equal to the weight of the fluid that it displaces

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15
Q

An object will only be as submerged in water to the point where the volume of displaced water produces a force _______ to the weight of the object

A

equal

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16
Q

_____ causes the liquid to form a thin but strong layer like a skin at the liquids surface

A

surface tension

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17
Q

cohesion

A

the attractive force that a molecule of a liquid feels toward other molecules of the same liquid

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18
Q

adhesion

A

the attractive force that a molecule of liquid feels toward the molecules of some other substance.

19
Q

when does a concave vs. convex meniscus form?

A

a concave meniscus forms when adhesion>cohesion

20
Q

what do you know from the following information: a block is fully submerged 3 inches below the surface of a fluid, but is not experiencing any acceleration?

A
  • the densities of the two substances are equal
  • the volume of the block and the displaced fluid are the same
  • the buoyant force equals the weight of the block and is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
21
Q

the resistance of a fluid to flow is ____

A

viscosity

22
Q

increased viscosity increases ____

A

viscous drag

nonconservative force

23
Q

more viscous fluids ____ more energy while flowing

A

lose

24
Q

SI unit for viscosity

A

(Pa)(s)

25
Q

laminar flow

A

smooth and orderly

26
Q

the layer of fluid closer to the wall of a pipe flows ____ than more interior layers of fluid

A

more slowly

27
Q

turbulent flow

A

rough and disorderly

28
Q

in unobstructed fluid flow, turbulence can arise when the speed of the fluid exceeds a certain _____

A

critical speed

29
Q

when critical speed is exceeded, where does laminar flow occur?

A

close to wall, called the boundary layer

30
Q

boundary layer

A

when critical speed is exceeded, it is where laminar flow occurs

31
Q

____ is constant for a closed system and independent of changes in cross-sectional area

A

flow rate

32
Q

what does the continuity equation tell us?

A

that fluids will flow more quickly through narrow passages and more slowly through wider ones.

33
Q

energy density

A

similar to pressure: energy per cubic meter

34
Q

pitot tube

A

specialized measurement devices that determine the speed of fluid flow by determining the difference between the static and dynamic pressure of the fluid at given points along the tube

measures static pressure during flow to calculate speed

35
Q

explain the venturi effect

A

fluid flows faster through smaller radius, the pgh term remains constant because it averages out, so therefore the static pressure at the faster moving location is less.

36
Q

what makes the circulatory system challenging for flow?

A
  • nonconstant flow rate: gravity, valves, elasticity of our vessels
  • loss of volume into lymphatic ducts
37
Q

as blood flows away from the heart, each vessel has a _____ resistance, except when you reach the ______. because _____

A

higher
capillaries
resistors in parallel

38
Q

compare the volume of blood in venous and arterial circulation

A

more blood in veinous circulation

39
Q

can the continuity equation be applied to human circulation?

A

no, nonconstant flow rate

40
Q

how does total resistance change when air is breathed in

A

decreases because there are more pathways in parallel

41
Q

decreasing speed of fluid will ____ its pressure

A

increase

42
Q

what is the density from in the gauge pressure equation?

A

density of the fluid!

43
Q

does blood flow faster through the aorta or capillaries?

A

aorta because of the summation of the cross sectional area of the capillaries.

MCAT Physics (12 decks)

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