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BMAT > Physics 2-waves > Flashcards

Physics 2-waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the amplitude

A

Displacement from the rest position to the crest

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2
Q

Wavelength is what

A

Full cycle of the wave from crest to crest

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3
Q

Frequency is what

Measured in what

A

Number of complete waves passing a point per second

Hertz

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4
Q

Most waves are

A

Transverse

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5
Q

Transverse waves, the vibrations are what

A

Perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave

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6
Q

Longitudinal waves examples

A

Sound/ultrasound

P-waves

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7
Q

Transverse waves examples (4)

A

Light/Em

Waves on a string

S-waves

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8
Q

In longitudinal waves, the vibrations are

A

Parallel to direction of energy transfer

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9
Q

Frequency equation (period)

A

F=1/T

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10
Q

Speed (wave) equation

A

F x lambda

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11
Q

Speed of wave in independent of the … and …

A

Frequency and amplitude

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12
Q

Speed / wavelength can vary depending on what

A

The medium it’s travelling through

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13
Q

Angle of incidence

A

=angle of reflection

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14
Q

Refraction changes what (2)

What doesnt it change (1)

A

Speed/wavelength

frequency

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15
Q

Waves can change direction when?

A

Hits an optically dense object at an angle

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16
Q

What never changes during refraction

A

The frequency

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17
Q

A rectangular prism has what?

Hence what happens to white light entering

A

Parallel boundaries

Rays emerge parallel

18
Q

What happens to white light when entering a triangular prism?

Why?

A

Forms a rainbow

As boundaries are not parallel

19
Q

Sound waves are caused by what

A

Vibrating objects in the surrounding medium as a series of compressions

20
Q

Sound travels fastest in what

A

Solid — liquid — gas

21
Q

Sound waves hitting denser material will do what at an angle

A

Refract and speed up

22
Q

Definition of frequency

A

Number of complete vibrations each second

23
Q

High frequency means what for wavelength

A

Shorter wavelength

24
Q

Loudness of sound depends on what

A

The amplitude of the wave

25
Q

Human hearing frequency

A

20Hz < x > 20KHz

Infrasound ——ultrasound

26
Q

X rays don’t pass easily through what

What does this show as

A

Denser material

Bones/metal

Negative image(white)

27
Q

Y rays can be used for what

A

Treating cancer

28
Q

The higher the frequency of the EM…

A

The more harmful/more ionising it is

29
Q

Order of increasing frequency

RMIVUXG

A

Radio

Micro

Infra

Visible

UV

Xray

Gamma

(Real Monkeys Insists Very Useful X-mas Gifts)

30
Q

Radio waves have what wavelength

Gamma rays have what wavelength

A

1m 10^4 m

1m 10^-15 m

31
Q

All EM waves are what type

What speed do they travel at

Higher frequency means what for wavelength

A

Transverse waves

3x10^8 m/s

Shorter wavelength

32
Q

Long radio waves can do what

A

Diffract (bend)

33
Q

Short radio waves do what

A

Reflect off ionosphere

34
Q

TV/FM have very short what?

What does this not allow

A

Wavelengths

No bending of the EM

35
Q

What type of microwaves are used for communication

A

Ones which can pass through the watery atmosphere

36
Q

In microwave ovens, what type of microwave is used

A

One where water molecules absorb microwave hence different wavelength to communication

37
Q

Infrared is also known as

What can it be used to monitor

A

Heat radiation

Monitor temperature

38
Q

Infrared can also be used as what (3)

A

Remote controls (different commands send different patterns of infrared)

Cooking (toasters)

Mobile phones/optical fibres

39
Q

Infrared contributes to greenhouse effect how

A

EM from sun hits earth

Bounces back as IR

IR hits greenhouse gases

Reflected back to earth warming it up

40
Q

Removing an electron from an atom caused by EM is called what

A

Ionisation

41
Q

What three types of EM can cause ionising radiation

A

UV/x-ray/Y

BMAT (21 decks)

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