Biology 4-(genes)

Question 1

Different versions of the same gene are called what

Answer 1

Alleles

Question 2

Changes in an organisms dna leads to what

Answer 2

New alleles being formed

Question 3

Body cells have how many chromosomes

Answer 3

23 pairs

Question 4

How do body cells replicate

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What’s the purpose of mitosis

Answer 5

To replace/replicate and to produce identical cells

Question 6

Plants reproduce by mitosis which is called what

Answer 6

Asexual reproduction

Question 7

Gametes have how many chromosomes

Answer 7

23 (half the number)

Question 8

Body cells are what type of cell

Gametes are what type of cell

Answer 8

Diploid

Haploid

Question 9

Where does meiosis take place in humans

What happens

Answer 9

Ovaries/testes

One parent cell makes 4 gametes

Question 10

What causes sex organs to delveop

Answer 10

The lack of Y chromosome containing a specific protein

Or the Y chromosome being present contain the specific protein

Question 11

How many alleles does gametes contain

Answer 11

One allele

Question 12

Cystic fibrosis produces thick mucus where

Answer 12

Airways and pancreas

Question 13

For a child to have CF, what must both parents be

Answer 13

Must be carriers

Or have CF

Question 14

Polydactyly is caused by what

Answer 14

Dominant allele

Extra toes/fingers

Question 15

Huntington’s disease is caused by what

Answer 15

Dominant allele

Question 16

Any parent that is heterozygous with Huntington’s / polydactyly will be what

Answer 16

Will have the disorder

Question 17

Plant cells don’t lose what

Answer 17

The ability to differentiate into other cells

Question 18

How do genetic engineers cut out a DNAs useful gene

Answer 18

Using restriction enzymes

Question 19

What do restriction enzymes leave on the DNA it’s just cut?

Answer 19

Sticky ends

Question 20

What is used as a vector to place prepared DNA from restriction enzyme into the new host

Answer 20

Plasmid from bacteria dna

Question 21

What joins sticky ends together

Answer 21

Ligase

Question 22

What two gene therapies could be sized to cure genetic disorders

Answer 22

Changing the genes in body cells

Changing the genes in gametes

Question 23

What are the 2 different causes of variation in a species

Answer 23

Genetic variation

Environmental variation

Question 24

Combining of genes from two parents causes what

Name 2 examples of characteristics changed by genes in animals

Answer 24

Genetic variation

Eye colour /blood group / inherited disorders

Question 25

Environmental variation example in animals and in plants

Answer 25

Losing a toe

Change in leaf colour from sun

Question 26

Most characteristics are due to what

Answer 26

Genes and environment

Question 27

Mutations can be beneficial and for rise to what (eg)

Answer 27

Evolution

Resistance to antibiotics

Question 28

The genetic code is degenerate

What does this mean

Answer 28

Several codons can code for the same amino acid