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BMAT > Chemistry 3(carbon Chem) > Flashcards

Chemistry 3(carbon Chem) Flashcards

1
Q

Fractional distillation works through what concept

A

Different condensation points of the different hydrocarbons

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons are made up of what two things

A

Hydrogen - carbon

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3
Q

Alkanes have what bonds

A

Single bonds

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4
Q

Alkenes have what bonds

A

Double

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5
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons have what bonds

A

Single covalent bonds

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6
Q

Unsaturated compounds have what bonds

A

Double bonds

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7
Q

Alkanes general formula

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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8
Q

Alkene formula

A

C(n) H(2n)

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9
Q

Why are alkenes really reactive

A

High electron density in the double bond

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10
Q

Electrophiles are what?

A

Electron pair acceptors

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11
Q

Nucleophiles are what

A

Electron pair donors

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12
Q

What can you use to test for double bonds

What colour does it go

A

Orange Bromine water

Decolourises

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13
Q

What forms when ethene is added to bromine water

A

H2C=CH2 + Br2 -> CH2BrCH2Br

1,2-dibromoethane

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14
Q

Addition polymerisation is what

A

Process of adding lots of monomers like ethene together

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15
Q

What are the polymers structures affected by during polymerisation

A

Temperature and pressure

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16
Q

Poly ethene at 200*/2000 Pa

A

Flexible / low density

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17
Q

Polyethene at 60* /3Pa

A

Rigid and loose

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18
Q

2 examples of low density polyethene

A

Plastic bags

Squeeze bottles

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19
Q

Polypropene uses

A

Bottle crates

Rope

20
Q

2 examples of high density poly(ethene)

A

Washing up liquids

Industrial packaging drums

21
Q

PVC can be either (2)

A

Stretchy / rigid

22
Q

2 uses of PVC

A

Window frames/piping

Synthetic leather

23
Q

Polymers are not what…. hence why there’s an environment problem

A

Biodegradable

24
Q

Complete combustion equation

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide +water +energy

25
Q

What’s oxidised in combustion

A

Carbon /hydrogen oxidised

26
Q

What flame colour is produced in complete combustion

A

Blue flame

27
Q

Partial combustion equation

A

Hydrocarbon+oxygen —> carbon +carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water +energy

28
Q

Partial combustion produces what flame

A

Smokey yellow flame

29
Q

Draw methonal

A

CH3OH

30
Q

Draw ethanol

A

CH3 CH2 OH

31
Q

Draw 1-propanol

A

CH3CH2CH2OH

32
Q

General formula for alcohols

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

33
Q

Alcohol burning in air equation

A

Alcohol + oxygen —> CO2 + H20

34
Q

Ethanol/methanol /propanol completely dissolve in what to produce what solution

A

Dissolve in water

Produces neutral solution

35
Q

Alcohols reacting with sodium form what (2)

A

Hydrogen / alkoxides

36
Q

Why can alcohols be used as solvents

A

They can dissolve substances that water can’t

Like hydrocarbons/oils/fats

37
Q

Ethanol acts as a solvent for what two things

A

Perfumes/aftershaves

Found in methylated spirit

38
Q

Meth- contains how many C

Etha - contains how many C

Propa-contains how many C

A

1
2
3

39
Q

Salts formed with carboxylic acids end in what

A

Anoate

(Methanoate)

(Ethanoate)

40
Q

Carboxylic acids dissolve in water which changes the pH by how much?

Why?

A

Very little (makes it more acidic)

Doesn’t completely ionise and doesn’t release many H+

41
Q

Carboxylic acids / carbonate equation

A

Carboxylic Acid + carbonate —> carbon dioxide+water +salt

42
Q

How can we form ethanoic Acid?

A

Ethanol + oxygen —> ethanoic Acid +water

43
Q

Ethanoic Acid is found in what for preserving foods

A

Vinegar

44
Q

Name a carboxylic Acid found in oranges and used to remove scales

A

Citric Acid

45
Q

Carboxylic acids with longer chains are used for what

A

Soaps and detergents

46
Q

Carboxylic acids can be prepared to make what

A

Esters

BMAT (21 decks)

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