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Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of temperature

A

how fast the speed of molecules move that make up an object

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2
Q

What does the specific heat capacity of a material tell us

A

how much heat energy needs to be added or removed to change 1 kg of the material by 1 C

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3
Q

What is the equation for heat energy transferred

A

mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

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4
Q

What is the triangle for heat energy transferred

A

Heat energy transferred on the top and everyting else on the bottom

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5
Q

The specific heat capacity of water is J/kg/°C. How much energy is needed to heat 3 kg of water from 20°C to 40°C?

A

4200 x 3 x (40-20)=252000

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6
Q

What is internal energy

A

the total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts to internal energy

A

kinetic energy stores and potential energy stores

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8
Q

What consists in potential energy stores

A

gravitational,elastic energy

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9
Q

What is the kinetic energy store

A

the movement energy of particles

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10
Q

What energy store is used when you heat up a substance

A

the kinetic energy store increases

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11
Q

What is temp

A

a measure of the average internal energy in a substance

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12
Q

How much energy does it take to increase the temp of 1kg of mercury by 1 C

A

139

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13
Q

If you were to measure the temp change what are precautions to take and why

A

add a lid to the liquid and insulate it well,this is so energy isn’t lost to the surroundings

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14
Q

What is acceleration

A

the rate of change in velocity

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15
Q

What is the first equation for acceleration

A

change in velocity/time

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16
Q

What is the second equation for velocity

A

Final velocity-intial velocity/time

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17
Q

Calculate the velocity if a car accelerates from 15 m/s to 35 m/s in 5 seconds

A

Final velocity-initial velocity/time
35-15/5=4

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18
Q

What is the third equation for velocity

A

2as=v sq -u sq
a=acceleration
s=distance
v=velocity
u=initial velocity

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19
Q

A ball is dropped from an unknown height from above the ground the ball is moving at 7 m/s.Calculate the height from which the ball is dropped

A

final velocity=7
initial velocity=0
anything dropped accelerates at 9.8 m/s because of gravity
acceleration=9.8 m/s
distance=7 sq- 0 sq/2(9.8)
=49/19.6=2.5
s=2.5m

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20
Q

What is a typical walking speed

A

1.5 m/s

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21
Q

What quantity is the rate of change of velocity?

A

acceleration

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22
Q

How is speed found from a distance time graph

A

it is equal to the gradient

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23
Q

How is velocity found from a velocity-time graph?

A

Velocity is read from the vertical (y) axis of a velocity-time graph.

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24
Q

How is acceleration found from a velocity-time graph?

A

Acceleration is found from the gradient of a velocity-time graph.

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25
Q

What is the acceleration of a horse that accelerates from rest to 4 m/s in 8 seconds?

A

0.5 m/s

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26
Q

What is the unit of acceleration?

A

m/s sq

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27
Q

What is a typical acceleration for a family car?

A

3 m/s sq

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28
Q

What is the average speed of a runner that travels 200 m in 40 seconds?

A

5 m/s

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29
Q

How is distance travelled found from a velocity-time graph?

A

Distance travelled is found from the area beneath a velocity-time graph.

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30
Q

how do you calculate resistance

A

voltage/current

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31
Q

What happens when you combine resistors in series

A

The total resistance always increases.

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32
Q

What is the rule of combining resistors in a series

A

the total voltage (or potential difference) across all the resistors is equal to the sum of the voltages across each resistor.

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33
Q

What happens when you combine resistors in parrallel

A

The total resistance decreases and is always less than the smallest individual resistor.

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34
Q

What is the equation for voltage

A

V=IR
Voltage=current x resistance

35
Q

What is the relationship between voltage and current

A

as one of them increases so will the other

36
Q

In a voltage graph name a reason for the line being straight

A

because in voltage graphs they are only straight if it is a wire or resistor

37
Q

What would happen to the straightness of the line if we use a smaller or bigger resistor

A

it if is bigger the line will get deeper if it is smaller the line will get steeper

38
Q

How do filament lamps graph works

A

as the current flows through it the wire heats up until it’s so hot it makes light so this increases the resistance so the curve gets less steep this shows that less current can flow per unit of potential difference because temp and resistance is so much higher

39
Q

How do diode graphs work

A

diodes can only flow in one direction this happens because they have a really high resistance in a reverse direction so it’s impossible for current to flow

40
Q

Name 6 examples of scalar quantities

A

Mass,temp,speed,energy,distance and time

41
Q

T or F scalar quantities have magnitude only

A

true

42
Q

T or F scalar quantities do not have a direction

A

true

43
Q

Give 6 examples of vector qualities

A

Displacement,weight,force,velocity,acceleration,momentum

44
Q

What do vector qualities have that scalar quantities don’t

A

they have magnitude and direction

45
Q

What do scalar quantites tell us

A

imagine you were trying to get from point a to point b a scalar quantity would only tell you the distance between them

46
Q

What is displacement

A

a distance in a specific direction

47
Q

When saying displacement what do you have to include

A

the magnitude(500m) and distance(west)

48
Q

What is a physical quantity?

A

something that can be measured

49
Q

What does “magnitude” mean

A

the size of a numerical value

50
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A physical quantity that has magnitude only

51
Q

T or F speed is a scalar quantity

A

true

52
Q

How are vectors added using a scale diagram?

A

Vectors are added by drawing them tip-to-tail. The overall path from start to finish is the resultant of the vectors.

53
Q

What is a free body diagram

A

a diagram that shows all the forces acting on an object

54
Q

Label a free body diagram of a plane if it was going in the direction east

A

east-thrust
south-weight(gravity)
west-air resistance
north-lift

55
Q

T or F all forces are vectors

A

true

56
Q

What is a resultant force

A

the overall force on an object

57
Q

How do we obtain the resultant force

A

on the free body diagram some of the forces will cancel each other out and then what we have left is the resultant force

58
Q

What is the method for calculating the resultant force in a free body diagram

A

subtract the vertical forces from each other(north-south) and then the horizaontal forces from each other(east and west)and add the results up

59
Q

What do we call it if we get zero when calulating the resultant force

A

an equilibrium

60
Q

What is a force

A

a push or pull movement that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object

61
Q

What quantity is a force and why

A

it is a vector quantity because they have both magnitude and direction

62
Q

What is the definition of a resultant force

A

a single force that has the same effect as all of the original forces acting together

63
Q

What does altitude mean

A

the height above the ground

64
Q

What is the particle theory of solid

A

it has strong forces of attraction,and holds particles together in a fixed position

65
Q

What happens to the bonds in solids when the temp increases

A

the forces start to weaken and they melt

66
Q

What is the particle theory of liquid

A

weaker forces of attraction so particles can move around more freely,they have a definite volume as they are a little bit compact

67
Q

what happens to the bonds in liquids when temp increases

A

the particles gain more energy so the particles move around faster which weakens the bonds when boiling point is reached the particles break the bonds altogether

68
Q

What is the particle theory for gas

A

they have a weak force of attraction so the particles are free to move around,they don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill a container

69
Q

What motion does gas particles move in

A

straight lines

70
Q

What happens to the bonds in gas when temp is increased

A

particles gain more energy so depending their enviroment they either expand or if the container is fixed the pressure will increase

71
Q

What happens to gas when we decrease the temp

A

the particles won’t have enough energy to overcome the forces and bonds will start to form

72
Q

What is the order of density for the states of matter in a closed system

A

solids will have the highest density,liquid the middle denisty,and gases having the lowest temp

73
Q

In a closed system what dosen’t change

A

the mass

74
Q

What are 2 ways of reducing unwanted energy transfers

A

by using thermal insulation and lubrication

75
Q

What are the methods for allowing our home to not lose heat to the outside enviroment

A

1.making sure our home is sealed close(no air loss)otherwise we would lose heat by convection
2.Reduce heat loss by conduction(through solids)this is by having thick walls

76
Q

How do cavity walls help preventing heat loss and how is it adapted

A

because of the air gap it has it reduces conduction,but because of an air gap this allows heat to be lost due to convection to solve this inbetween the air gap is insulating foam

77
Q

How does insulating foam prevent heat loss

A

it is filled with lots of isolated air bubbles this makes it not allow any convection or conduction

78
Q

How do single/double glazed windows work with heat

A

single glazed only have one panel so heat is easily lost by conduction
in double glazed there are 2 layers of glass with a tiny air gap which reduces conduction

79
Q

What is the definition of friction

A

the resistance that one object encounters when moving over a solid or through a fluid

80
Q

What is the problem with friction in terms of heat

A

it reduces the efficiency of energy transfer ad can cause it to heat up

81
Q

what is the main part of the house heat is lost from and why and how is this prevented

A

the roof this is because hot air rises this is prevented by putting loft insulation inside the roof

82
Q

What is loft insulation

A

it is made of fibre glass this traps lots of air this is effective as air is a very bad conductor of heat and this is efficient as convection won’t be able to form and it will also massively reduce conduction

83
Q
A

Chemistry (15 decks)

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