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ARDMS Abdominal Review > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Which imaging plane can produce a longitudinal image of the IVC and the aorta on the same image
a) mid sagittal only
b) transverse only
c) coronal and transverse
d) coronal only

A

d) coronal only

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2
Q

You are scanning a gallbladder and there appears to be sludge within the lumen. Which of the following aid in differentiating sludge from artifact
a) increase the transducer frequency
b) ask the patient to fast for 3-4 more hours and rescan the GB for changes
c) ask the patient to perform the valsalva maneuver
d) apply color Doppler

A

a) increase the transducer frequency

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3
Q

Harmonic imaging will
a) improve temporal resolution
b) reduce the appearance of microbubble contrast on a contrast echo
c) degrade lateral resolution and improve axial resolution
d) allow for deeper penetration with improved spatial resolution

A

d) allow for deeper penetration with improved spatial resolution

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4
Q

What system control should be turned off when trying to differentiate a small stone in the gallbladder from a sludge ball
a) harmonic imaging
b) focal zone
c) time gain compensation
d) compound imaging

A

d) compound imaging

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5
Q

What determines the transducer frequency used for the evaluation of a foreign body
a) depth of the foreign body
b) age of the foreign body
c) composition of the foreign body
d) the radiologist reading the exam

A

a) depth of the foreign body

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6
Q

When evaluating a liver transplant, you must use angle correction during Doppler evaluation of
a) hepatic arteries and portal veins
b) portal veins only
c) hepatic arteries and veins
d) hepatic arteries only

A

a) hepatic arteries and portal veins

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7
Q

No flow is detected while performing a Color Doppler evaluation of a normal splenic vein. What will improve the color display
a) increase the color velocity scale
b) increase the color packet size
c) increase the sample size
d) increasing the angle of insonation

A

b) increase the color packet size

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8
Q

A patient presents for a liver ultrasound with contrast to evaluate a tumor. Which of the following lists the correct machine settings needed for the exam
a) mechanical index over 1.5, harmonics off, and focal zone at the abdominal wall
b) highest output power setting available, harmonics on, and at least three focal zones surrounding the area of interest
d) low mechanical index, harmonics on, and focal zone place at the area of interest

A

d) low mechanical index, harmonics on, and focal zone place at the area of interest

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9
Q

What change in system controls can reduce the appearance of clutter on a color Doppler image
a) increasing persistence
b) increasing color threshold
c) decreasing color priority
d) decreasing color PRF

A

c) decreasing color priority

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10
Q

In order to assess low velocity flow, which of the following operator adjustments should be made
a) decrease wall filter setting and compression
b) increase scale setting
c) decrease compression
d) decrease the rejection and wall filter setting

A

d) decrease the rejection and wall filter setting

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11
Q

Which of the following techniques will lead to degraded lateral resolution
a) increased probe frequency
b) increase in number of focal zones
c) none of the above
d) trapezoidal field of view on linear array

A

d) trapezoidal field of view on linear array

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12
Q

Which of the following correctly describes why the arcuate arteries are not easily or accurately evaluated by PW Doppler
a) because the blood flows parallel to the Doppler sound beam
b) because the flows perpendicular to the Doppler sound beam
c) because the flow is very low resistance
d) the renal capsule attenuates the Doppler signal so only limited information is reflected to the probe

A

b) because the flows perpendicular to the Doppler sound beam

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13
Q

______ occurs posterior to highly attenuating structures
a) refraction
b) enhancement
c) speckle
d) shadowing

A

d) shadowing

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14
Q

The use of multiple focal zones will improve_______ but degrade_____
a) lateral resolution, temporal resolution
b) temporal resolution, lateral resolution
c) axial resolution, lateral resolution
d) lateral resolution, axial resolution

A

a) lateral resolution, temporal resolution

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15
Q

Which of the following will increase the amount of color displayed in the abdominal aorta
a) decrease color threshold
b) decrease color gain
c) increase sample size
d) increase frame rate

A

d) increase frame rate

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16
Q

Which imaging plane can demonstrate the IVC and the aorta on the same image in a normal patient
a) coronal and transverse
b) coronal only
c) mid sagittal only
d) transverse only

A

a) coronal and transverse

17
Q

The primary factor that determines transducer selection for a biopsy is
a) depth of the mass
b) thickness of the sterile cover
c) physician preference
d) composition of the mass

A

a) depth of the mass

18
Q

Which acoustic artifact is a common sonographic sign of emphysematous pyelonephritis
a) propagation speed error
b) misregistration
c) side lobe
d) resonance artifact

A

d) resonance artifact

19
Q

Harmonic imaging leads to
a) improved axial but degraded lateral resolution
b) reduced appearance of lobe artifact
c) increase image noise
d) reduced signal to noise ratio

A

b) reduced appearance of lobe artifact

20
Q

Which probe can best evaluate the surface nodularity of the liver in a patient with cirrhosis
a) linear 7.5 MHz
b) curved 8 MHz
c) vector 10 HMz
d) curved 5 MHz

A

a) linear 7.5 MHz

21
Q

If the entire image is too dark, what console adjustment should you make first
a) adjust the far field TGC
b) adjust the near field TGC
c) increase the output power
d) increase the overall gain

A

d) increase the overall gain

22
Q

Color Doppler demonstrates the ________
a) direction of flow only
b) peak velocity of blood flow only
c) average velocity and direction of flow
d) peak velocity and direction of flow

A

c) average velocity and direction of flow

23
Q

Overgaining on an US exam can cause_____
a) increased posterior shadowing
b) underestimation of arterial stenosis
c) blood to appear anechoic
d) overestimation of Doppler velocity

A

d) overestimation of Doppler velocity

24
Q

Which of the following would be associated with posterior enhancement artifact in the liver tissues
a) large lipoma
b) lymphoma
c) dilated intrahepatic ducts
d) fatty infiltration

A

c) dilated intrahepatic ducts

25
Q

All of the following can cause artifactual debris within a simple cyst, except
a) increased rejection settings
b) small size of the cyst
c) superficial location of the cyst
d) improper gain settings

A

a) increased rejection settings

26
Q

Which acoustic artifact will commonly be identified with hydrocele formation
a) comet tail artifact
b) edge shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) posterior shadowing

A

c) posterior enhancement

27
Q

Time gain compensation is necessary due to
a) The inability of high frequency transducers to penetrate the body effectively
b) The non-linear behavior of sound waves
c) reflection, refraction, and scatter
d) sound impedance difference between transducer and skin

A

c) reflection, refraction, and scatter

28
Q

Which of the following machine adjustments will produce a more black and white 2D image
a) increasing dynamic range
b) reducing monitor contrast
c) reducing overall gain
d) reducing the compression

A

d) reducing the compression

29
Q

All of the following techniques will aid in the visualization of a small renal calculi with questionable shadowing except
a) Rescanning the patient in the decubitus position
b) decreasing transducer frequency
c) reducing the dynamic range
d) using multiple scanning techniques to evaluate the kidney

A

b) decreasing transducer frequency

30
Q

If there is no diastolic flow demonstrated on a Doppler tracing of the interlobar artery of the upper pole of the right kidney, what will the resistive index be
a) unable to calculate the RI, not enough information given
b) 0
c) 0.5
d) 1.0

A

d) 1.0

31
Q

An average sized patient presents with a fever, acute RLQ pain and vomiting. The ER physician wants to rule out appendicitis in this patient. Which transducer would best be suited for the exam
a) 5 MHz curvilinear
b) 12 MHz linear
c) 5 MHz linear
d) 3 MHz curvilinear

A

c) 5 MHz linear

32
Q

Which of the following will reduce anisotrophy artifact
a) reduce color Doppler gain
b) turn off harmonic imaging
c) rocking the transducer
d) dual screen imaging

A

c) rocking the transducer

33
Q

On a scrotal ultrasound exam, how do you differentiate acute epididymitis from post-vasectomy enlargement of the epididymis
a) use PW doppler
b) use a stand off pad
c) use color Doppler
d) use dual screen imaging

A

c) use color Doppler

34
Q

Which of the following operator controls adjusts the beam intensity
a) dynamic range
b) overall gain
c) output
d) TGC

A

c) output

35
Q

When performing a Doppler evaluation of the renal arteries the cursor angle should be set at _____ degrees or less for the main renal arteries and ______ degrees or less for the intraparenchymal arteries
a) 20, 0
b) 60, 45
c) 60, 20
d) 45,60

A

c) 60, 20

36
Q

B-color can be helpful in the evaluation of
a) low velocity blood flow
b) subtle difference in tissues
c) anechoic fluid/cysts
d) high velocity blood flow

A

b) subtle difference in tissues

ARDMS Abdominal Review (14 decks)

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