abdominal wall, superficial and muscular structures

Question 1

Gas within an abscess may produce what type of artifact

Answer 1

Reverberation (comet- tail) artifact

Question 2

Abscesses typically demonstrate what type of enhancement

Answer 2

Posterior

Question 3

Name the 2 most reliable findings in patients with abscesses

Answer 3

1) presence of fever

2) increased WBC count

Question 4

What is a fibrous tissue network located between the skin and the underlying structures

Answer 4

Fascia

Question 5

What are layers of flat tendinous fibrous sheets fused with strong connective tissue that serves as tendons to attach muscles to fixed points

Answer 5

Aponeuroses

Question 6

The human body contains 2 major cavities what are they?

Answer 6

1) ventral ( anterior)

2) dorsal ( posterior)

Question 7

What is a glistening lining of the abdominopelvic cavity formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue

Answer 7

The parietal peritoneum

Question 8

The dorsal cavity is divided into what 2 cavities?

Answer 8

1) cranial cavity

2) spinal cavity

Question 9

What are extrahepatic collections of extravasted bile

Answer 9

Biloma

Question 10

Name 3 things bilomas are caused by

Answer 10

1) abdominal trauma
2) gallbladder disease
3) biliary surgery

Question 11

Where are bilomas typically located

Answer 11

in the RUQ

Question 12

What muscle is a long, broad, vertical, strap- like muscle that is mostly enclosed in the rectus sheath

Answer 12

Rectus abdominis

Question 13

What muscle is a small triangular muscle

Answer 13

Pyramidalis

Question 14

What is a strong, fibrous compartment for the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles as well as some arteries, vein, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Answer 14

Rectus sheath

Question 15

What is the area where all layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall fuse

Answer 15

Umbilicus

Question 16

Ascites can be caused by all of the following except:

a) malignancy
b) nephritic syndrome
c) congestive heart failure
d) tuberculosis
e) adenomyomatosis

Answer 16

e) adenomyomatosis

Question 17

Name the 3 main bilaterally paired muscles comprising the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 17

1) psoas major
2) iliacus
3) quadratus lumborum

Question 18

Which crus ( right or left) is larger and longer?

Answer 18

Right

Question 19

Name the 3 larger diaphragmatic apertures

Answer 19

1) caval hiatus
2) esophageal
3) aortic

Question 20

The caval hiatus is primarily for what vessel

Answer 20

IVC

Question 21

What is the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity called

Answer 21

Ascites

Question 22

Name the 2 mechanisms that produce ascites

Answer 22

1) low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss)

2) high portal venous pressure

Question 23

Name the 6 causes of ascites

Answer 23

1) cirrhosis ( most common)
2) hypoalbuminemia ( decreased protein)
3) budd-chiari syndrome
4) heart failure
5) cancer
6) nephrotic syndrome (protein loss)

Question 24

Hypoalbuminemia (low protein ) can be the result of

Answer 24

1) liver failure
2) nephrotic syndrome
3) malnutrition

Question 25

What can successfully treat ascites by lowering portal pressure

Answer 25

Transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunting

Question 26

Ascites is commonly found at the

Answer 26

1) inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver 2) morisons pouch 3) pelvic cul de sac 4) paracolic gutters

Question 27

What is frequently seen with ascites

Answer 27

Gallbladder thickening

Question 28

What type of ascites is indicated by freely floating bowel

Answer 28

Benign ascites

Question 29

Name the 4 indications of imflammatory response

Answer 29

1) heat 2) redness 3) pain 4) swelling

Question 30

What type of inflammation describes a condition in which a purulent exudate is accompained by significant liquefactive necrosis

Answer 30

Suppurative inflammation

Question 31

The term supprurative refers to

Answer 31

formation of pus

Question 32

The breakdown of muscle caused by injury is called

Answer 32

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 33

A collection of serum in the tissue resulting from a surgical incision or from the liquefication of a hematoma is called

Answer 33

Seroma

Question 34

what is the most common type of ventral hernia

Answer 34

Umbilical hernia

Question 35

What type of hernia is a delayed complication caused by abdominal surgery, which leaves a weak abdominal wall

Answer 35

Incisional hernia

Question 36

What is the most common benign masses of the abdominal wall and subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 36

Lipoma

Question 37

Which of the following is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity a) visceral peritoneum b) parietal peritoneum c) pleura d) endometrial lining e) serosal lining

Answer 37

b) parietal peritoneum

Question 38

Which of the following is not located in the peritoneal cavity a) gallbladder b) liver c) spleen d) pancreas e) hepatic vein

Answer 38

d) pancreas

Question 39

What is another name for pleural effusion

Answer 39

hydrothorax

Question 40

What are the 4 common causes of pleural effusions

Answer 40

1) cancer 2) heart failure 3) pneumonia 4) tuberculosis

Question 41

What is the most common benign tumor of the diaphragm

Answer 41

Lipoma

Question 42

What is the most common malignant neoplasm of the diaphragm

Answer 42

Fibrosarcoma

Question 43

Name 4 complications of lymphocele

Answer 43

1) renal transplantation 2) gynecologic surgery 3) vascular surgery 4) urological surgery

Question 44

What is a collection of urine which is located outside the kidney or bladder

Answer 44

Urinoma

Question 45

Name 2 things urinomas are commonly associated with

Answer 45

1) renal transplantation | 2) posterior urethral valve obstruction

Question 46

Name the most common type of hernia

Answer 46

Inguinal

Question 47

What type of hernia creates a soft swelling or bulge near the naval

Answer 47

umbilical hernia

Question 48

What type of hernia occurs when tissue protrudes throught a weak spot in the abdominal muscles

Answer 48

Inguinal hernia

Question 49

Which of the following is located between the transversalis fascia and the posterior parietal peritoneum? a) linea alba b) stomach c) spleen d) pancreas

Answer 49

d) pancreas

Question 50

What type of transducer is best used to image the abdominal wall

Answer 50

High frequency, short focal zone 7.5MHz or higher linear array transducers

Question 51

Name the 4 main indications of inflammatory response

Answer 51

1) heat 2) pain 3) redness 4) swelling

Question 52

What type of hernia is located at the inferior end of the semicircular line, which is inferior to the arcuate line where the posterior rectus sheath is absent

Answer 52

Spigelian hernia

Question 53

Ascites is usually associated with all of the following except a) hepatoma b) congestive heart failure c) renal failure d) oncocytoma

Answer 53

d) oncocytoma

Question 54

What is a epiploic appendagitis a) a fatal type of diverticulitis b) another term to describe crohn disease c) inflammation of the thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon d) perforated appendix with pericolic fluid

Answer 54

c) inflammation of the thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon

Question 55

Which of the following describes the best way to image the patellar tendon with ultrasound a) the central portion of the tendon is best imaged from the anterior approach b) due to the proximity of the tendon to bone, the patellar tendon cannot be evaluated with US c) evaluate the patellar attachments from an anterior approach d) patient must be evaluated with the leg fully extended

Answer 55

c) evaluate the patellar attachments from an anterior approach

Question 56

If a patient presents with a history of right breast cancer and you identify a solid liver mass with a hypoechoic halo, what is the most likley diagnosis of the finding a) hepatic adenoma b) focal nodular hyperplasia c) hepatocellular carcinoma d) hepatic metastasis

Answer 56

d) hepatic metastasis

Question 57

What is the key anatomic landmark in differentiating direct, indirect, and spigelian hernias a) linea alba b) inferior epigastric artery c) internal iliac artery d) rectus abdominis muscles

Answer 57

b) inferior epigastric artery direct inguinal- herniated structures medial to the IEA indirect inguinal- herniated structures lateral to the IEA spigelian- herniated structures located just lateral to where the spigelian fascia is penetrated by the IEA