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Nat 5 Geography > Physical - Weather > Flashcards

Physical - Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

Precipitation

A

Any water coming from the sky (rain, sleet, hail, or snow)
Measured in mm

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2
Q

Cloud cover

A

Amount of the sky covered in clouds
Measured in oktas (eighths)

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3
Q

Wind direction

A

Direction from which the wind is blowing
Measured in degrees/compass points

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4
Q

Wind speed

A

How fast/strong the wind is blowing
Measured in knots, mph, kmph, and Beaufort scale

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5
Q

Visibility

A

How far you can see (haze, fog, mist, haar)
Measured in miles/km or description (good occasionally poor)

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6
Q

Temperature

A

How much heat is in the air
Measured in °C or °F

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7
Q

Pressure

A

How heavy the air is
Measured in millibars/hPa

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting UK temperatures?

A
  • Latitude - the further north you are, the shallower the angle of the sunlight (meaning the light is less concentrated as it has more atmosphere to travel through)
  • Aspect - in the northern hemisphere, southern facing slopes get moe sun than northern facing slopes
  • Relief - temperature decreases by 1°C per 100m climbed (wind speed also increases)
  • Distance from the sea - the closer you are to the sea, the lower the temperature range is because the sea warms and cools slower than the land
  • Ocean currents - the gulf stream keeps the West Coast warmer
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9
Q

What are the factors affecting UK rainfall?

A
  • Relief - as the air rises over the mountains, it cools and condenses, forming clouds
  • Aspect - west facing slopes recieve more rainfall as they are facing the Atlantic
  • Distance from sea - the further away from the sea, the drier the air as it has already dropped its rain (east is drier than west because of the prevailing wind)
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10
Q

What are the 5 different air masses?

A
  • Tropical Maritime - from the south-west (warm and wet, hot summers, mild winters)
  • Tropical Continental - from the south-east (warm and dry, hot summers, mild winters)
  • Polar Maritime - from the north-west (cold and wet, mild summers, cold winters)
  • Polar Continental - from the north-east (cold and dry, warm summers, cold winters)
  • Arctic - from the north (cold, mild summers, cold winters)
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11
Q

Isobar

A

Lines indicating the same pressure on a synoptic chart (like contour lines)

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12
Q

Occluded front

A

Where the cold front meets the warm front

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13
Q

Cold front

A

Where the cold air undercuts the warm air

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14
Q

Warm front

A

Where the warm air rises over the cold air

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15
Q

Warm sector

A

A wedge of warm air during a depression

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16
Q

Cirrus clouds

A

Thin, wispy, high clouds

17
Q

Stratus clouds

A

Blanket of boring grey clouds across the sky

18
Q

Cumulus

A

Fluffy white clouds

19
Q

Cumulonimbus

A

Tall, fluffy, dark grey clouds full of rain

20
Q

Nimbostratus

A

Dark grey stratus clouds full of rain

21
Q

What are the 5 stages of a passage of a depression?

A
  1. Warm front approaching: cool, high cirrus clouds, dry, increasing wind
  2. Under warm front: getting wamer, low, thick (nimbostratus) clouds, persistent precipitation, strong winds
  3. In the warm sector: warm, broken clouds, occasional showers, less wind
  4. Under cold front: getting colder, cumulonimbus clouds, heavy precipitation, very strong wind
  5. After passage of cold front: cold/cool, broken clouds, mostly dry, calm
22
Q

Which direction does wind travel along an anticyclone?

A

Clockwise

23
Q

Which direction does wind travel along a depression?

A

Anti-clockwise

24
Q

What are the characteristics of an anticyclone in summer?

A
  • High temperatures
  • No precipitation
  • Cool nights
  • Dew/haar
25
Q

What are the characteristics of an anticyclone in winter?

A
  • Freezing temperatures
  • No precipitation
  • Frost
  • Freezing nights
  • Low sun
26
Q

What are the precipitation symbols?

A
  • Drizzle: a comma ,
  • Shower: an upside down triangle
  • Rain: a dot .
  • Snow: a star
  • Hail: a triangle
  • Thunderstorm: a weird hangman thing (total internal reflection)
  • Heavy rain: 3 dots
  • Sleet: dot and star
  • Mist: 2 lines
  • Fog: 3 lines
27
Q

What are the cloud cover symbols?

A
  • 1 okta: line down middle
  • 2 oktas: 1 quarter filled
  • 3 oktas: 1 quarter filled and a line down the middle
  • 4 oktas: half filled
  • 5 oktas: half filled and line
  • 6 oktas: 3 quarters filled
  • 7 oktas: all filled bar middle bit
  • Clear sky: empty circle
  • Sky obscured: lamp
28
Q

What are wind speed symbols?

A
  • Calm: double circle
  • 1-2 kts: stick
  • 5kts: short notch on stick
  • 10kts: long notch on stick
  • 35 kts: 3 long notches 1 short notch on stick
  • 50kts or more: triangle on stick

Nat 5 Geography (8 decks)

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