Human - Urban Flashcards
What are the zones of a city?
CBD, Inner City, Suburbs, and rural-urban fringe
What is the CBD?
- The oldest part of a city
- The centre of a city
- The most accessible location
- Central location for road and rail transport
What is the Inner City?
- The area surrounding the CBD
- Made of old 19th century industrial buildings and tenements
What are the Suburbs?
- The outskirts of the city
- Cheaper land and house prices
- Easy car access
What is the Rural/Urban Fringe?
- Where the countryside meets the city
- Cheap land being built on (urban sprawl)
- Mixture of shopping centres, offices, airports, golf courses, and farmland
Name some features of the CBD
(6 points)
- Tall, high density buildings and a lack of open space
- Major transport links (big roads, train and bus stations)
- Tourist information centres
- Cultural and historical buildings
- Museums
- Grid - iron street pattern
Name some features of the inner city
(4 points)
- Empty brownfield sites
- Evidence of industry (past and present) e.g. works, ports, factories, mines, etc
- Grid iron street pattern
- High density housing and a lack of green space
Name some features of the suburbs
(3 points)
- Curvilinear streets and cul-de-sacs
- Low density buildings, lots of green spaces
- Public buildings like schools and leisure centres
Name some features of the rural/urban fringe
(5 points)
- Lots of open space
- Out of town shopping centres
- Park and rides
- New housing estates
- Countryside and golf courses
Name some advantages of the devolpment of a site in the rural/urban fringe
(6 points)
- Flat land so it’s easier to build on
- Nearby residential areas provide workers
- Nearby city provides customers
- Land on city outskirts is cheap to buy
- Roads, trams, trains, and park and rides provide easy access for customers and construction works
- Room for expansion or additional car parking is available if needed
Name some disadvantages of the devolpment of a site in the rural/urban fringe
- Locals (e.g. farmers) may object to plans
- Forests may need to be cleared, costing money and raising environmental objections
- Rivers may run through the land, increasing the building costs
- The land may not be flat, increasing building costs
Urban sprawl
The spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city
Greenbelt
An area of open land around a city on which building is restricted
Greenfield site
Undeveloped areas within or outside a city
Brownfield sites
Previously developed land that is not currently in use
Recent changes in the CBD, why they happened, and named Glasgow examples
- Large shopping centres have opened/been rennovated - to protect shoppers from weather and provide more parking and entertainment(St. Enoch Centre & Buchanan Galleries)
- Pound shops moving in - an increase in space due to derelict shops
- Shops closed - Increase in online shopping and out-of-town shooping centres (Buchanan and Sauchiehall Sts)
- Wider, pedestrianised streets and bike lanes - Make the city more attractive, safer, and less polluted (Avenues Project)
- Opening new hotels - to attract people into the city centre for weekend breaks and holidays (Motel One by Central Station)
- Demolition of historic buildings to make way for rental properties - to attract young professionals into the city (Pitt Street police station demolished to make room for flats)
- Improved public transport - to encourage people to take public and reduce congestion (more bus lanes)
- Multistorey car parks reduce cars parked on the street causing congestion
Recent changes in the Inner City, why they happened, and named Glasgow examples
(7 points)
- Local services have been refurbished - To make the area an attractive place to live (Glasgow Club Gorbals
- Renovated tenements - to improve the living quality (double glazing) (Gorbals)
- Renovated public transport - to improve quality of public transport and reduce congestion (Partick Exchange)
- New low rise flats replace old high rises - to provide new housing (Gorbals crown street)
- Derelict warehouses into art cultural venues - brings employment and money (SWG3)
- Light industrial units - brings money to the area (manufacturing)
- Old industrial buildings turned into tourist attractions and small industry - attract tourists (Clydeside Distillery and Riverside Museum)
Push factors for migrating into Mumbai
- Education and heath standards are lower in rural areas
- Farming jobs are harder due to climate change and inflation
- More technology bad for traditional farmers because they can’t afford it
- Income from farming can be low
Pull factors for migrating into Mumbai
- Improved job prospects and higher wages
- Improved healthcare with hospitals and dentists
- Better schools and universities
- Friends and family already there can provide support
What are self - help schemes doing in Dharavi?
- Providing cleaned and maintained toilet blocks
- Providing better quality building materials so people can improve their homes (e.g. bricks and cement)
- Providing safe electricity connections
- Improved sewage to prevent the spread of disease
- People given rights to the land
- Health clinics and schools set up
What is the Dharavi redevelopment plan?
A plan involving bulldozing Dharavi and rebuilding it with low - rise flats (can only house a portion of the residents)
What is Navi Mumbai?
High-rise flats built outside Mumbai with facilities such as plumbing and safe electricity
