Physical - Glaciation

Question 1

What is plucking?

Answer 1

Ice melts & re-freezes sticking to the rock. As the glacier moves downhill, it pulls the rock out of the hillside

Question 2

What is abrasion?

Answer 2

The sandpaper effect: rocks embedded in the edge of the glacier scrape against the valley, wearing it down

Question 3

What freeze-thaw action?

Answer 3

Rain fills cracks in the rocks, freezing and then expanding. This forces the cracks to widen until they eventually break apart

Question 4

What is scree?

Answer 4

Loose rocks broken up by freeze-thaw action scattered down the mountainside

Question 5

U-shaped valley

Answer 5

Valley carved by a glacier

Question 6

Corrie

Answer 6

On the north face
Where glaciers begin
Armchair
Snow and ice carve bowl-shape into mountain

Question 7

Truncated spur

Answer 7

Interlocking spur whose end gets chopped off by a glacier

Question 8

Arete

Answer 8

Knife edge ridge between corries

Question 9

Pyramidal peak

Answer 9

3 or more corries surrounding a peak

Question 10

Tarn

Answer 10

Lochan in a corrie

Question 11

Hanging valley

Answer 11

Valley chopped off by a glacier

Question 12

Alluvial fan

Answer 12

Material deposited by a stream

Question 13

Ribbon lake

Answer 13

Flowing lake in the floor of a U-shaped valley

Question 14

Misfit stream

Answer 14

Stream/river in a U-shaped valley

Question 15

Formation of a corrie

(4 steps)

Answer 15

• Before glaciation - Snow gathers in a North facing hollow
• Beginning of glaciation - Snow compacts to form ice which moves downhill due to gravity
• During glaciation - Erosion takes place, deepening and steepening the hollow
• After glaciation - Ice melts leaving an armchair shaped hollow called a corrie

Question 16

Formation of an arête

Answer 16

• Formation of a corrie
• Two corries side by side leave a knife-edged ridge between them called an arête

Question 17

Formation of a pyramidal peak

Answer 17

• Formation of a corrie
• If 3 or more corries form around a mountain it leaved a jagged peak called a pyramidal peak between them

Question 18

Formation of a U-shaped valley

Answer 18

• A glacier moves down a valley, deepening, straightening, and widening it

Question 19

Formation of truncated spurs

Answer 19

Interlocking spurs are cut off by ice

Question 20

What are tourist v locals conflicts and solutions?

Answer 20

• Increased litter - removed bins to hope people take litter home
• Congestion - fines, one-way systems, pedestrianised areas and improved public transport
• Footpath erosion - stone paths and alternate routes
• Noise and air pollution - improved rail and bus services
• Anti-social campers and littering - camping management zones, permits, and bylaws

Question 21

What are tourist v farmers conflicts and solutions?

Answer 21

• Walkers leave gates open - signs and kissing gates
• Dogs chase sheep - signs and encourage responsible tourism
• Stone walls are damages - walls and footpaths maintained amd stiles built
• Noise disturbs animals - tourists educated

Question 22

What are some land uses in glaciated areas (Loch Lomond)

Answer 22

• Forestry - lower slopes of a U-shaped valley, coniferous trees are suited to steep slopes and thin soils, help to prevent soil erosion and flooding
• Sheep farming - Sheep can survive on harsh, steep slopes where the land can be used for nothing else
• Hydroelectric dams - Lochs in hanging valleys dammed, provides electricity
• Wind farms - exposed upland areas
• Tourism - Hills (hiking, rock climbing, bird watching), historical landmarks and history, settlements (provide services), water sports, and fishing
• Fishing
• Ski resorts
• Trandsport links