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Nat 5 Geography > Human - Population > Flashcards

Human - Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Development

A

An increase in the standard of living of the people in the country

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2
Q

Social indicator

A

Measures the quality of life in a country

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3
Q

Economic indicators

A

Measures the wealth of a country

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4
Q

Population distribution

A

The spread of people across the area

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5
Q

Population density

A

The number of people living in a particular area (1sq km) and is calculated as total pop/land area

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6
Q

What physical factors affect population density?

A
  • Climate (temperate is best)
  • Water availablility for drinking and farming
  • Temperature (too hot means diseases etc)
  • Humidity (extremes are uncomfortable)
  • Relief (steep slopes are hard to build on, flatter areas have deeper soils so good for crops)
  • Lack of natural resources means lack of employment
  • Fertile soil (volcanic areas and river deltas) is good for farming
  • Natural disasters causes refugees
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7
Q

What human factors affect population density?

A
  • Job opportunities and industry (cities have more diverse choices)
  • Transport links (easier to move around, more trade)
  • Services (cities have more services so people want to live there)
  • Government policies (un-inclusive policies mean people will move out, provided aid and funding means people set up businesses and need employees)
  • Conflict (people escape from war, increase in density in refugee camps)
  • Infrastructure (people will go where there is better roads etc)
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8
Q

Birth rates

A

Number of live births per 1000 people per year (%)

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9
Q

Death rates

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year (%)

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10
Q

Natural increase

A

Birth rate - death rate (around 12% in the world right now)

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11
Q

Immigration

A

People moving into a country (mainly adults e.g. young professionals and families)

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12
Q

Emigration

A

People moving out of a country (usually due to war, persecution, or natural disasters)

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13
Q

Migration

A

A combination of immigration and emigration

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14
Q

Factors affecting birth rates in developing countries

A
  • Children help out on farms
  • High infant mortality rate (more kids wanted for backup)
  • Lack of freely available contraception, education, and family planning
  • Kids needed to look after parents in old age (no pensions)
  • Culture and tradition - big families, keep trying for a boy, women seen as “less healthy” if they don’t have lots of children
  • Women don’t get much education or work so they can have children earlier and for longer
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15
Q

Factors affecting birth rates in developed countries

A
  • Children are expensive (nursery, food, clothes, etc)
  • Higher marriage age so older when having kids
  • Good/free access to contraception and family planning
  • Low infant mortality rate (good healthcare) so fewer births
  • No large family culture
  • Children aren’t needed when parents grow up
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16
Q

Factors affecting death rates in developing countries

A
  • Lack of clean water
  • Poor housing and sanitation
  • Not enough food and bad nutrition
  • Widespread diseases
  • Fewer medical facilities
17
Q

Factors affecting death rates in developed countries

A
  • Safe, clean water
  • Proper sanitation facilities
  • Generally well fed
  • Advanced medical facilities and advice
18
Q

What are the features of a developing country’s population pyramid

A
  • Few old dependants (high death rate)
  • Fewer economically active
  • Many young dependants (high birth rate)
  • Wide-based triangle (the steeper, the slower the growth)
19
Q

What are the features of a developed country’s population pyramid

A
  • Longer life span
  • Evidence of WWII or Vietnam
  • Many old dependants (low death rate)
  • High numbers of economically active
  • Fewer young dependants (lower birth rate)
  • Bell shaped
20
Q

Advantages of rapid growth?

A
  • More powerful (bigger army)
  • Bigger number of workers
  • Lower wage rates
21
Q

Disadvantages of rapid growth?

A
  • Smaller farms so more intensive farming
  • More trees being cut down for farmland, fuel, and building materials
  • Lack of housing so people end up in shanty towns without basic amenities
  • High unemployment, crime rates, and congestion
  • Overcrowded schools and hospitals
22
Q

Advantages of slow growth?

A

Less money needs to be spent on education

23
Q

Disadvantages of slow growth?

A
  • More money needs to be spent on care services and pensions
  • More sheltered housing, nursing, and old people’s homes
  • Health services taken up by old people
  • Fewer taxpayers, soldiers, and potential parents
24
Q

What are the 4 stages of population growth?

A
  1. Rapid growth
  2. Slow growth
  3. Zero growth
  4. Negative growth

Nat 5 Geography (8 decks)

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