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PHYSICAL SCIENCE (MIDTERMS) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic elements?

A

earth
water
air/wind
fire

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2
Q

Who are the 6 people with relation to the elements?

A

Empedocles
Heraclitus
Thales
Anaximenes
Aristotle
Plato

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3
Q

Who stated that everything in nature is made up of the 4 elements?

A

Empedocles

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4
Q

Where was Empedocles from?

A

Sicily

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5
Q

When was Empedocles born?

A

5th Century BC

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6
Q

Who supported and bulit on Empedocles’s theory?

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

When did Empedocles suggested the theory?

A

450 BC

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8
Q

Who studied fire?

A

Heraclitus

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9
Q

Who studied water?

A

Thales

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10
Q

Who studied air?

A

Anaximenes

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11
Q

Who discovered the 5th element?

A

Aristotle

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12
Q

What is the 5th element?

A

aether

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13
Q

What is aether?

A

composition of stars

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14
Q

Who was the first to use the term “element”?

A

Plato

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15
Q

THE GREEK IDEAS REGARDING ELEMENTS

A

4 elements made up all matter
elements are “PURE”
every visible thing
The way the elements attract/repel each other causes the formation of different substances and determine their respective properties.

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16
Q

According to the Greek ideas it is the cornerstone of philosophy, science, and medicine for almost 2000 years.

A

4 elements made up of all matter

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17
Q

According to the Greek ideas, they could not be found in that state on Earth.

A

elements are PURE

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18
Q

According to the Greek ideas, made up of any combination of the 4 elements.

A

every visible thing

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19
Q

According to the Greek ideas, but are either held together by attractive forces or pushed by repulsive forces.

A

4 elements are unchanging in nature

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20
Q

It is the precursor of modern science.

A

alchemy

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21
Q

What is alchemy based on?

A

observation
experimentation
formation of conclusion

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22
Q

What is alchemy the combination of?

A

chemistry
physics
medicine
philosophy
magic

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23
Q

INTENTS OF ALCHEMY

A

Elixir of Life
Philosopher’s Stone

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24
Q

In the intents of alchemy, it is the source of wealth, health, and immortality.

A

Elixir of Life

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25
In the intents of alchemy, it is a powder that when heated and combined with base metals like copper and iron will turn into gold.
Philospher's Stone
26
What is the highest and purest form of matter?
gold
27
Who are the alchemy practitioners of the 14th - 15th century?
Paracelsus Johann Baptista Van Helmont
28
Who is the alchemy practitioner of the 16th century?
Robert Boyle
29
Who is the alchemy practitioner of the 17th century?
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
30
ALCHEMY PRACTITIONERS
Paracelsus Johann Baptista Van Helmont Robert Boyle Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
31
Who is the first toxicologist?
Paracelsus
32
Who is the founder of "pneumatic chemistry"?
Johann Baptista Van Helmont
33
What word did JBVH coin?
gas
34
According to JBVH what are the 2 primary elements on earth?
air water
35
In what century was the transition from alchemy to scientific method and chymistry?
16th century
36
What is the practical art of manipulating matter?
chymistry
37
What law states that as pressure of gas decreases the pressure on it increases and vice versa?
Boyle's Law
38
Who proposed the Boyle's Law?
Robert Boyle
39
In what century was the disappearance of alchemy and the beginning of the science of chemistry?
17th century
40
Who is the Father of Modern Chemistry?
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
41
What did Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier create?
first comprehensive chemistry textbook periodic table
42
When did the medical chemistry and chemical industries bloom?
18th century
43
What are the domain of science?
medical chemistry chemical industries
44
Who created the periodic law?
Dmitri Mendeleev
45
CONTRIBUTIONS OF ALCHEMISTS TO THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY
early designs of lab equipment and scientific method concepts of chemical elements and matter medicinal chemistry chemical industries
46
What are examples of early designs of lab equipment and scientific methods?
test tube crucible retort
47
What are the chemical industries?
distillation metallurgy
48
Who first suggested the existence of atom?
Democritus
49
Who proposed the first atomic theory?
John Dalton
50
When did John Dalton propose the atomic theory?
1808
51
What is the combination of 2 or more elements?
compound
52
Who showed the relationship between electricity and matter?
Michael Paraday
53
When sis Michael Paraday show the relationship between electricity and matter?
1832
54
Who discovered electrons through the observation of the cathode ray tube?
J.J. Thomson
55
When did J.J. Thomson discover electrons through the observation of the cathode ray tube?
1897
56
What are negatively charged subatomic particles?
electrons
57
What suggests that electrons are like raisins stuck on the surface of a lump of pudding?
Plum Pudding Model
58
Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model?
J.J. Thomson
59
Who discovered the nucleus through his gold foil experiment?
Ernest Rutherford
60
When did Ernest Rutherford make the experiment?
1911
61
What is at the center of the atom?
nucleus
62
Who discoverd the proton, through the canal rays in a cathode ray tube?
Eugene Goldstein
63
When did Eugene Goldstein discover the proton, through the canal rays in a cathode ray tube?
1886
64
Who coined the term proton?
Ernest Rutherford
65
When did E. Rutherford coin the term proton?
1920
66
What is a positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom?
proton
67
Who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick
68
When did James Chadwick discover the neutron?
1932
69
What has no charge; has a mass almost equal to the mass of proton?
neutron
70
Who discovered the x-ray?
Wilhelm Roentgen
71
Who discovered radioactivity and proved that the atom is composed of subatomic particles?
Antoine Henri Becquerel
72
SUMMARIZE THE PARTS OF THE ATOM
NUCLEUS - at the center - comprises of 99.9% of the mass of atom - composed of protons and neutrons PROTONS - positively charged - determines the identity of an element - each element has a unique number of protons (atomic number) ELECTRONS - negatively charged - surround the nucleus at a great distance - travel around the nucleus in pathways called ORBITALS NEUTRONS - no charge - mass similar to prtons - neutrons=protons

Babi (9 decks)

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